İMKB’DE UYGULANAN HALKA ARZ YÖNTEMLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ

Türkiye’de halka arz piyasası ihraççılara ve aracı kuruluşlara farklı halka arz yöntemleri sunmaktadır. Halka arza karar veren firmalar talep toplama (sabit fiyatla talep toplama, fiyat aralığı ile talep toplama) ve borsada satış yönteminden birini tercih etmek durumundadır. Bu çalışma, İMKB’de uygulanan halka arz yöntemlerinden hangisinin daha etkin olduğunu ve daha düşük fiyatlandırmaya imkan verdiğini araştırmaktadır. Bu amaçla, 1993-2005 yılları arasında gerçekleşen halka arz verileri kullanılarak sabit fiyatla talep toplama ve fiyat aralığı ile talep toplama yöntemlerinin karşılaştırması yapılmıştır. Ampirik analizler sabit fiyatla talep toplanan halka arzlarda ilk gün gözlemlenen düşük fiyatlandırmanın yüzde 7.13 ve fiyat aralığıyla talep toplanan halka arzlarda ilk gün gözlemlenen düşük fiyatlandırmanın yüzde 10.61 düzeyinde gerçekleştiğini göstermektedir. Bu çalışma aynı zamanda, menkul kıymet pazarının hareketliliğinin bir göstergesi olarak halka arzdan 3 ay önceki piyasa getirilerinin düşük fiyatlandırmada önemli bir gösterge olduğunu göstermektedir. Bulgular, ihraççı firmaların halka arz için yükselen piyasayı tercih ettiğini ve ihraç fiyatının belirlenmesi öncesi üç aylık ağırlıklı ortalama getirilerin düşük fiyatlandırmada önemli etkisi olduğunu doğrulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Halka arz, düşük fiyatlandırma, sabit fiyatla talep toplama, fiyat aralığı ile talep toplama

COMPARISON OF THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING METHODS IN THE ISTANBUL STOCK EXCHANGE

The Turkish IPO market gives issuers and underwriters a choice of different IPO selling mechanisms. Accordingly, firms may offer their shares to the public through one of the following two methods of sale; Collection of Bids (Fixed-Price Offering and Book Building Method) and Sale through the Stock Exchange. In this paper we try to answer the question of “What kind of selling and underwriting procedure might be preferred for controlling the amount and volatility of underpricing in the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE)”. Using 1993-2005 firm and issue data, we compare the book building mechanism and the fixed price offer available in the ISE. The empirical analysis reveals significant first day underpricing of 7.13% in fixed price offers and 10.61% in book building mechanism. We also show that market returns prior to IPOs, a proxy for the overall market’s price momentum in the 3 months prior to an offering, is a significant ex ante predictor of the level of underpricing. Our findings confirm that firms prefer to go public in “hot markets” and the Market Return variable, calculated as the weighted average of the returns of the market index for the 3 months before the IPO pricing date, has a significant impact on the underpricing of the issues.

Keywords:

IPOs, underpricing, fixed price offering, book building method,

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