Enerji Krizlerinin Etkisiyle Şekillenen Avrupa Birliği’nin Enerji Politikası

Avrupa Birliği’nin (AB) enerji politikalarının gelişiminde etkili olan en önemli faktörlerden biri enerji arz güvenliğidir. AB ülkelerinin doğal gaz ithalatında Rusya’ya önemli ölçüde bağımlı olması, Rusya ile Ukrayna arasındaki enerji krizlerinin AB ülkelerini olumsuz etkilemesi ve Rusya’dan AB ülkelerine ulaşan doğal gaz akışının sık sık kesintiye uğraması nedeniyle, enerji arz güvenliği, AB’nin enerji alanındaki en önemli gündemi haline gelmiştir. AB, 2000’li yıllarla birlikte enerji arz güvenliğini sağlayacak ve tedarikçi ülkelere bağımlılığını azaltacak politikalara daha çok odaklanmıştır. Çevre kirliliği ve küresel ısınmayla mücadeleden, enerji tasarrufunu arttırılmasına kadar enerji arz güvenliğini destekleyecek birçok alanda düzenleme hayata geçirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada genel olarak, enerji krizlerinin AB’nin enerji politikalarının gelişimine olan etkisine değinilecek ve AB’nin kuruluşundan itibaren enerji politikası oluşturma çabasına yer verilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Avrupa Birliği, Rusya, Enerji Politikası, Enerji Arz Güvenliği, Enerji Krizleri, Doğal Gaz

The Impact of Energy Crises on European Union's Energy Policy

The security of energy supply is one of the most important factors in the development of the European Union’s (EU) energy policies. The security of energy supply has become the most important agenda in the energy field of EU because EU countries in natural gas import significantly depend on Russia and the energy crises between Russia and Ukraine affect EU countries negatively and the flow of energy that reaches from Russia to EU countries is often interrupted. The EU has focused more on the policies that will ensure the security of energy supply and reduce its dependence on the supplier countries in 2000's. From the combat of global warming and environmental pollution to increase of energy saving the regulations in many field supporting the security of energy supply have been implemented. This study elaborates generally the impact of energy crises on the development of the EU’s energy policy and mentions its efforts to create energy policy from the establishment of the EU.

Keywords:

European Union, Russia, Energy Policy, The Security of Energy Supply, Natural Gas,

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