Karabuğdayın (Buckwheat) Kimyasal, Besinsel ve Teknolojik Özellikleri

İnsanların sağlıklı gıda talepleri ile birlikte karabuğdayın (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertner, Fagopyrum emarginatum) önemi giderek artmaktadır. Karabuğday dünyanın birçok ülkesinde üretilen, önemi gün geçtikçe artan, uluslararası ticaretteki yeri giderek gelişen tahıl benzeri (pseudocereal) tek yıllık bir bitkidir. Karabuğday yüksek besleyici değerlere sahiptir. Ayrıca, beslenmemiz için çok önemli protein kaynağı olmasının yanında, nişasta, besinsel lif, vitamin, temel mineralleri ve iz elementleri de içerirler. Ayrıca, karabuğdaylar, rutin, orientin, kuersetin gibi fenolik maddeleri de bol miktarda içerirler. Bugün Dünya’da geliştirilen glutensiz gıdalar (örneğin ekmek, makarna ve bisküvi) tahıl benzeri olarak adlandırılan pseudo-tahıllardan üretilmektedir. Bundan dolayı karabuğday unu çölyak hastaları (glutene alerjik reaksiyon gösteren hastalar) için alternatif gıdaların elde edilmesinde önemli bir kaynaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Karabuğday, pseudo-tahıllar, glutensiz gıdalar, protein, fenolik bileşikler, antioksidan aktivite

Chemical, Nutritional and Technological Properties of Buckwheat (Turkish with English Abstract)

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertner, Fagopyrum emarginatum) has gained importance as a result of the people’s demand for healthy foods. Buckwheat, which is grown in many countries as an annual plant, is a pseudocereal. Its importance and commercial value are increasing so far. Buckwheat is a highly nutritious pseudocereal known as especially dietary source of protein and also including starch, dietary fiber, vitamins, essential minerals and trace elements. Phenolic compounds are also found in abundance in buckwheat including rutin, orientin, quercetin. A worldwide research for "gluten-free" food products (i.e. bread, pasta, and cookies) are usually based on pseudocereals. In addition, buckwheat flour is an important source to obtain alternative gluten-free foods for coeliac patients who have allergic reaction to gluten.

Keywords:

Buckwheat, pseudocereals, gluten-free foods, protein, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity,

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