Pontos Atina’sı. Kendi Tarihî-Coğrafî İçeriğinde bir Atina Epmorion’u

Athenai olarak adlandırılan tüm eski yerleşimlerin en az önemli olanı Pontos kıyısında Trapezous’un doğusunda yer almaktadır. Yerleşim ismini 20. yüzyıl içlerine kadar muhafaza etmiş ve daha sonra Pazar olarak yeniden adlandırılmıştır. Arrianus’un bu khorion’un (günümüze kalan) ilk tasvirini bize sunması, Roma donanmasının bazı bölümlerini onun limanına demirlemesini zorunlu kılan bir fırtına sebebiyledir (İS 132). 6. yüzyılda Prokopios bu köyden onun sadece daha ünlü adaşı tarafından kurulmuş olduğunu gösteren yerel geleneği yalanlamak için bahseder. Bilim insanları bu şüpheci yaklaşımı paylaşmışlardır ve bundan dolayı Pontos Atina’sını büyük oranda dipnotlara indirgemişler ya da onu tümden bir unutulmaya mahkûm etmişlerdir. Fakat hiçbir şey, bunu Perikles’in Karadeniz’e yaptığı gezinin (yak. İÖ 437/5) bir sonucu olarak düşünmekten daha mantıklı değildir. Athenai, Limne adındaki bir Miletos apoikia’sı olarak tarih öncesi bir geçmişe sahip olabilir. Atina thalassokrasi’sinin yıkılmasının (İÖ 405) ardından oynamış olduğu rol ise daha az kesindir. İÖ 2. yüzyıl başlarında Pontos Krallığı’na dahil edilmeden olasılıkla Sinope egemenliğinde yer almıştır. Ancak Pontos Atina’sı bu dönemde Trapezous ve Phasis arasındaki alanda gerçekleşen ekonomik çöküşü yaşamıştı. Her şeye rağmen bir köy olarak varlığını sürdürmüştür ve bu da bir polikhnion’un varlığı devam etse de yüzyıllar boyu tarihi kayıtlardan nasıl kaçabildiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Pontos Atina’sı/Atina/Pazar, Atina, Trabzon/Trapezous, Miletos, Perikles, Arrianos, Prokopios, Karadeniz ticareti

Pontic Athens: an Athenian Emporion in Its Geo-Historical Context

The least significant of all ancient settlements called Athenai was located east of Trapezous on the Pontic coast. It maintained its name well into the 20th century, when its successor was renamed Pazar. That Arrian provides us with the first (surviving) description of this chorion is due to a storm that compelled him to anchor parts of the Roman fleet in its little harbour (AD 132). In the 6th century, Prokopios mentions the village only to refute the local tradition that it had been founded by its more famous namesake. Scholars have shared this skepticism and thus largely relegated Pontic Athens to footnotes or condemned it to complete oblivion. But nothing is more plausible than regarding it as a result of Perikles’ expedition to the Euxine (ca. 437/35 BC). Athenai may have a pre-history as a Milesian apoikia called Limne. Less certain is the role it played after the breakdown of Athenian thalassocracy (405 BC). It probably stood under Sinopean hegemony, before being absorbed into the Pontic kingdom in the early-2nd century BC. By then, however, Pontic Athens had shared the economic downturn of the area between Trapezous and Phasis. It lived on as a village regardless, and thus demonstrates that a polichnion could escape the historical record for centuries without ceasing to exist.

Keywords:

Pontic Athens / Atina / Pazar, Athens, Trapezous, Miletos, Perikles, Arrian, Prokopios,

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