Galatia Kralı Deiotaros bir Kent Kurucusu muydu? Küçük Asya Sin-/Syn- Toponym'leri üzerine Yeni Öneriler

Yazar bu makalesinde Galatlar'ın Phrygia olarak bilinen İç Anadolu Bölgesi'ne gelişinden önce bu coğrafyada var olan yerleşimler, Galatların buradaki varlığı ve kurdukları ilişkiler hakkında bilgi vermiştir. Daha sonra Galat idarecilerinin kentleşmeye yönelik tutumlarını ele almıştır. Buna göre aynı zaman diliminde diğer bölgelerdeki yönetimlerde kentleşmeye yönelik çeşitli faaliyetler olmasına rağmen, hem tarihsel hem de coğrafi kaynakların Galat idarecileri tarafından buna yönelik bir politikanın izlendiğine dair kanıt sunmadığı ayrıca bunu destekleyecek arkeolojik kalıntıların olmadığı dile getirilmiştir. Aynı tutum, Roma senatörleri ile çok yakın ilişki kuran ve zaman zaman Yunan dünyasına hayırseverlik yapan Deiotaros için de geçerli gibi görünmektedir. Aslında Deiotaros kendi sülalesine mensup birisinin adını bir kente vermek için uygun bir konuma da sahiptir. Bununla birlikte Plutarkhos'un Crassus'un Hayatı isimli (17.1) eserinde, kralı İÖ. 54 yılında bir kent inşasıyla ilişkilendiren münferit bir örnek bulunmaktadır. Şimdiye kadar hiçbir Galatia yerleşimini bu kentle eşleştirmek mümkün olmamakla birlikte bu çalışmada bunun Armenia Minor Bölgesi'nde, Ephrates yakınlarında aranabileceği önerilmiştir. Zira orada Byzantion'lu Stephanos'un açıkça Galatlar tarafından kurulduğunu aktardığı Sintoion adında Kelt ismi taşıyan bir yerleşim bulunmaktadır. Yazar bu soruna öneriler getirdikten sonra, Hellenistik krallar arasında oldukça yaygın olan ve Mithradates VI Eupator tarafından sık sık kullanılmasında olduğu üzere, açık bir şekilde sülaleden birisiyle isimlendirme geleneği sergileyen, Mithradates tarafından kurulmuş olan sınır kalesi Synhorion konusuna değinmiştir. Buna göre yazar burasının yeniden adlandırılmış veya bundan ziyade Sinorix'in oğlu Deiotaros tarafından Sinorix Phourion (App. Mithr. 101. 463; 107. 503) ya da daha sonra Sinoria (Strab. geogr. 12. 3. 37) formunu alan *Sinorigia olarak yeniden yorumlanmış olabileceğini düşünmektedir. Yazar bu çalışmasında burasının, Crassus yaşamını kaybetmesine neden olan talihsiz Parthia seferi için geldiği sırada, Deiotaros tarafından inşa edilmekte olan kent olduğunu önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Galatia, Armenia Minor, Deiotaros, Helenizasyon, kentleşme, Kelt yer adları, Sin¬toion, Synhorion/Sinorigia

Was the Galatian King Deiotaros a city-founder? New Suggestions for Some Small Asian Toponyms with Sin- / Syn-

After the arrival of the Galatians in central Anatolia, Phrygian cities such as Gordion and Ankyra continued to exist, but the little interest the new rulers took in them became apparent when those cities were not re-founded after the Romans had sacked them in 189 BC. Neither historiographic nor geographical sources provide any evidence for a city built by the Galatians, and the lack of archaeological remains appears to concur with this negative assessment. The same even seems to hold true for King Deiotaros, although he was most closely connected with Roman senators, occasionally acted as a benefactor in the Greek world, and effectively succeeded to the throne of Pontus: so as a (late) Hellenistic king some interest in constructing, fostering or at least dynastic naming of cities would fit his role well. But only one isolated reference in Plutarch's Life of Crassus (17.1) credits the king with the foundation of a city (54 BC). However, so far it has been impossible to identify any Galatian site with this city. It is therefore suggested that we might have to look for it in Armenia Minor near the Euphrates, for there was a settlement with the Celtic name Sintoion which Stephanos of Byzantion explicitly attests as a Galatian foundation. Even more interesting is the case of Synhorion, originally a frontier fort established by Mithradates VI Eupator: in all likelihood, this was renamed or rather reinterpreted as Sinorix Phrourion (App. Mithr. 101.463; 107.503) or *Sinorigia by Deiotaros, son of Sinorix, which yielded the later form Sinoria (Strab. geogr. 12.3.37). Here the dynastic naming pattern – so widespread among Hellenistic kings, and so often applied by Mithradates – is manifest. One may thus go on and venture the hypothesis that this was also the city Deiotaros was building when Crassus came along on his ill-fated Parthian campaign.

Keywords:

Galatia, Armenia Minor, Deiotaros, Hellenization, Urbanization, Celtic Toponomastics, Sintoion, Synhorion/Sinorigia,

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