Dijital Çağda Eğitim: Anatomi Eğitiminde Teknolojik Eğilimler

Tıp ve sağlık bilimlerindeki yeni gelişmeler, daha hızlı ve daha çok bilgi üretilmesine olanak sağlamıştır. Ancak üretilen bilginin artması, öğrencilere verilen Anatomi eğitiminin süresinde bir daralmaya yol açmıştır. Bu nedenle, Anatomi dersi veren öğretmenlerin, günümüzün yenilikçi dijital teknolojileri, alternatif öğrenme stratejileri ve alternatif eğitim araçlarını kullanmaları, anatomi öğretiminde etkinliği arttırma konusunda faydalı olabilir. Bu araştırma, Anatomi eğitiminin verildiği öğrenme ortamında kullanılabilecek interaktif dijital teknolojilere odaklanmak ve mevcut durumu daha anlaşılır hale getirmek için yapılan bir literatür incelemesidir. İncelemelerle elde edilen veriler araştırmacılar tarafından betimsel yaklaşımına uygun olarak değerlendirilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde, Anatomi eğitiminde interaktif dijital teknolojilerin kullanımının yeterli ve yaygın olmadığı anlaşılmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmanın amacı, Anatomi eğitiminde kullanılabilecek interaktif dijital teknolojilerin ve bu teknolojilerle beraber kullanılabilecek öğrenme/öğretme stratejilerin de neler olabileceği hakkında bilgi vermek ve bunların önemini ortaya koymaktır. Dijital teknolojilerin gelişmesi sadece sanayide, elektronikte, uzay bilimlerinde, tarımda veya tıp alanında değil aynı zamanda eğitimde de önemli etkiler yaratmıştır. Günümüzde dijital teknoloji, yeni verilerin oluşturulmasında ve bu verilerin yeni öğretim platformlarına aktarılmasında çeşitli olanaklar sağlamaktadır. Dijital teknolojinin etkisiyle, yüzlerce yıldır konservatif bir yapıda devam eden anatomi eğitiminin sınıf içi teorik derslerin yapısı pek değişmemiştir. Üstelik kadavra diseksiyonu üzerinden verilen uygulama eğitimi sorgulanmaya başlanmıştır. Bu durum anatomi eğitiminde ciddi bir dönüşümün öncü göstergesi olarak kabul edilebilir. Günümüzde dijital eğitim materyallerinin öğrenci ile etkileşim kurabiliyor (interaktif) hale gelmesi, bu dönüşümün en önemli tetikleyicisidir. Bazı çalışmalar göstermektedir ki öğrenciler, anatomik dokularla ilgili öğrenimlerini 3-boyutlu (3D) dijital kadavralar üzerinden yapabilmekte, bu ders materyallerine istedikleri zamanda, istedikleri yerden ulaşabiliyor ve istedikleri kadar tekrar yapabilmektedirler. Dijital çağın sunduğu bu yeni öğrenme materyalleri, her öğrenciyi kendi öğrenme hızına ve becerisine uygun biçimde zamanı daha etkin kullanmaya teşvik etmektedir. Ayrıca, öğrenme etkinliğini arttırmak için ters-yüz sınıf modelinin bir öğretme stratejisi olarak kullanılması; Kahoot, Classcraft, Plickers, Padlet gibi oyunlaştırma yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi; infografiklerin kullanılması; mobil öğrenme araçlarının ve bunlara 33 ait programların da bu öğrenme ortamlarına entegre edilmesi ile dijital teknolojilerin eğitim alanına çok ciddi bir katkı sunma potansiyeli olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, bilginin daha iyi işlenmesini sağlayan, eğitimde zamanı ve mekanı daha etkin kullanmamızı mümkün kılan dijital çağın bu yeni ürünleri, günümüzde, emekleme safhasında olan arttırılmış gerçeklik, sanal gerçeklik, Web 4.0 ve yapay zeka gibi araçların da entegre edilmesiyle, eğitimde zamanı daha etkin kullanan, daha eşitlikçi eğitim ortamı, daha objektif ölçme ve değerlendirme yapabilme olanağı sağlayan yeni öğrenim platformları sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın, Anatomi öğretmenlerine, öğrenme ortamlarının iyileştirilmesine ve Anatomi eğitiminde etkileşimli dijital teknolojilerin kullanılmasına katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir. Bu çalışma ile Anatomi öğretmenlerinin, 3D dijital Anatomi materyalleri ve dijital Anatomi kaynaklarını dijital teknolojiler kullanarak geliştirmeleri ve bunları ters-yüz sınıf, oyunlaştırma gibi dijital teknolojilere dayalı öğrenme stratejileri ile entegre ederek zenginleştirilmiş öğrenme ortamları geliştirmelerine ve bu geliştirilen interaktif dijital teknoloji destekli Anatomi eğitimi sağlanan ortamları eğitim sistemimize kazandırmalarına yardımcı olacağı ümit edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

anatomi eğitimi, ters-yüz sınıf, oyunlaştırma, infografik, dijital teknolojiler.

Education in the Digital Age: Technological Trends in Anatomy Education

New developments in medicine and health sciences produced high volume knowledge. However, the more knowledge led to narrowing in duration of anatomy education given to students. For this reason, it may be useful for teachers who teach anatomy to use alternative learning strategies and alternative educational tools, including today’s interactive digital technologies, to enhance the effectiveness of anatomy teaching. This research is a literature review study. In order to reveal the current situation and to make it better understandable, the research is based on the review of the literature. In this study, it is observed that use of interactive digital technologies in anatomy education is insufficient and no so widespread. Therefore, the aim of this study is to reveal the significance of interactive digital technologies that can be used in anatomy education. In accordance with this aim, the study mentioned about some important digital technologies and teaching strategies such as flipped classroom model and gamification in anatomy education. Indeed, the development of digital technologies has not only created an impact on electronics, space science, agriculture and medicine, but also on education. Nowadays, students can learn anatomical tissues through 3-dimensional digital cadavers, they can access them and repeat study whenever and wherever they want. These new learning materials in digital age encourage each student to use their time more effectively in accordance with their own learning pace and skill set. It is expected that this study will contribute to the anatomy teachers on improvement of learning environments and using interactive digital technologies in anatomy education.

Keywords:

anatomy education, flipped classroom, gamification, infographics, digital technologies,

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