Yıldırma, Örgütsel Özdeşim ve Algılanan Destek: Bir Yüksek Öğretim Kurumundan Bulgular

Problem Durumu: İşyerlerinde önemli stres kaynaklarından biri olarak kabul edilen yıldırma, “bir veya birkaç kişi tarafından en az altı ay süre ile sistematik olarak genelde bir kişiye karşı uygulanan, düşmanca ve ahlak dışı hareketler içeren ve bu kişinin yardımsız ve savunmasız bir duruma düşmesine neden olan davranışlar” olarak tanımlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda yıldırma, çalışanlara üstleri, astları veya eşit düzeyde olanlar tarafından sistematik biçimde uygulanan, en az altı aydır devam eden, her türlü kötü muamele, tehdit, şiddet ve aşağılama içeren davranışlar olarak değerlendirilmektedir.

Mobbing, Organizational Identification, and Perceived Support: Evidence from a Higher Education Institution

Purpose: The aim of the current study is twofold. First, it investigates the relationship between mobbing and organizational identification (OI) as an organizational attitude. Second, it explores the moderating effect of perceived organizational support (POS) on the relationship between mobbing and organizational identification. We proposed that perceived organizational support acts as a moderator between mobbing and organizational identification.Research Methods: We used a cross-sectional design and data were gathered from employees working in a higher educational institution. The sample yielded 152 complete surveys, including 123 academics and 29 administrative staff. The questionnaire included measures of mobbing, perceived organizational support, and organizational identification. Findings: The results of the moderated regression analysis do not provide support for the moderating effect of perceived organizational support in the relationship between mobbing and organizational identification. However, the findings demonstrate that, rather than a moderating variable, perceived organizational support is positively associated with organizational identification

___

  • Akar, N. Y., Anafarta, N., & Sarvan, F. (2011). Causes, dimensions and organizational consequences of mobbing: An empirical study. Ege Akademik Bakis, 11(1), 1467-1479.
  • Akgeyik, T., Güngör, M., & Uşen, S. (2007). Individual and organizational consequences of mobbing in the workplace: case of banking sector in Turkey (a survey). Journal of Academy of Business and Economics, 7, 150-157.
  • Ak-Küçükçayır, G., & Akbaba-Altun, S. (2016). Eğitim örgütlerinde etnik-kültürel yıldırma ve yaşantıları üzerine bir durum çalışması. Kuram ve Uygulamada Egitim Yönetimi Dergisi, 22(2), 137-164.
  • Albert, S., & Whetten, D. A. (1985). Organizational identity. Research in Organizational Behavior. 7, 263-295.
  • Aquino, K., & Griffeth, R. W. (1999). An exploration of the antecedents and consequences of perceived organizational support: A longitudinal study. Unpublished manuscript, University of Delaware, Newark.
  • Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of Management Review, 14(1), 20-39.
  • Babbie, E. (2001). The practice of social research. (9th Ed). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
  • Blase, J., & Blase, J. (2003). The phenomenology of principal mistreatment: Teachers' perspectives. Journal of Educational Administration, 41(4), 367-422.
  • Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York, John Wiley and Sons.
  • Bowling, N. A., & Beehr, T. A. (2006). Workplace harassment from the victim's perspective: a theoretical model and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(5), 998.
  • Branch, S., Ramsay, S., & Barker, M. (2013). Workplace bullying, mobbing and general harassment: A review. International Journal of Management Reviews, 15(3), 280-299.
  • Cabaros, M. A., & Rodrigues, P. V. (2006). Psychological Harassment in the Spanish Public University System. Academy of Health Care Management Journal, 2, 21-39.
  • Caesens, G., Marique, G., & Stinglhamber, F. (2014). The relationship between perceived organizational support and affective commitment: More than reciprocity, it is also a question of organizational identification. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 13(4), 167.
  • Cantisano, G. T., Domínguez, J. F., & Depolo, M. (2008). Perceived sexual harassment at work: meta-analysis and structural model of antecedents and consequences. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 11(01), 207-218.
  • Celep, C., & Konakli, T. (2013). Mobbing experiences of instructors: causes, results, and solution suggestions. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 13(1), 193-199.
  • Cemaloğlu, N., & Kılınç, A. Ç. (2012). İlköğretim okulu yöneticilerinin etik liderlik davranışları ile öğretmenlerin algıladıkları örgütsel güven ve yıldırma arasındaki ilişki [The relationship between school principals’ ethical learedship behaviors and teachers’ perceived organizational trust and mobbing]. Education and Science, 37(165), 137-151.
  • Ciby, M., & Raya, R. P. (2014). Exploring Victims’ Experiences of Workplace Bullying: a grounded theory approach. Vikalpa, 39(2), 69-82.
  • Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple correlation/regression analysis for the behavioral sciences (3th ed.). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Publishers.
  • Dean, J. W., Brandes, P., & Dharwadkar, R. (1998). Organizational cynicism. Academy of Management review, 23(2), 341-352.
  • Di Martino, V., Hoel, H., & Cooper, C. L. (2003). Preventing violence and harassment in the workplace. Dublin: European Foundation for the İmprovement of Living and Working Conditions.
  • Djurkovic, N., McCormack, D., & Casimir, G. (2008). Workplace bullying and intention to leave: the moderating effect of perceived organizational support. Human Resource Management Journal, 18(4), 405-422.
  • Edwards, M. R. (2009). HR, perceived organisational support and organisational identification: an analysis after organisational formation. Human Resource Management Journal, 19(1), 91-115.
  • Edwards, M. R., & Peccei, R. (2010). 'Perceived organizational support, organizational identification, and employee outcomes testing a simultaneous multifoci model. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 9(1), 17-26.
  • Einarsen, S. (2000). Bullying and harassment at work: Unveiling an organizational taboo. Transcending Boundaries: Integrating People, Processes and Systems, 7-13.
  • Einarsen, S., & Raknes, B. I. (1997). Harassment in the workplace and the victimization of men. Violence and Victims, 12(3), 247-263.
  • Eisenberger, R., & Stinglhamber, F. (2011). Perceived organizational support: Fostering enthusiastic and productive employees. American Psychological Association.
  • Eisenberger, R., Armeli, S., Rexwinkel, B., Lynch, P. D., & Rhoades, L. (2001). Reciprocation of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 42-51.
  • Eisenberger, R., Fasolo, P., & Davis-LaMastro, V. (1990). Perceived organizational support and employee diligence, commitment, and innovation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(1), 51-59.
  • Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R. H., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived Organizational Support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3). 500-507.
  • Erenler, E. (2010). Çalışanlarda sessizlik davranışının bazı kişisel ve örgütsel özelliklerle ilişkisi: Turizm sektöründe bir alan araştırması [The relationship of employee silence with some personal and organizational features: A field study un tourism industry]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Hacettepe Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu.
  • Ertüreten, A., Cemalcılar, Z., & Aycan, Z. (2013). The relationship of downward mobbing with leadership style and organizational attitudes. Journal of Business Ethics, 116, 205-216.
  • Escartin, J., Ullrich, J., Zapf, D., Schlüter, E., & Van Dick, R. (2013). Individual‐and group‐level effects of social identification on workplace bullying. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22(2), 182-193.
  • Francis, A.C. (2014, April 3-5). Workplace bullying and job satisfaction: the moderating effect of perceived organizational support. Paper presented at the National Conference on Undergraduate Research, Lexington, USA.
  • Fuller, J. B., Barnett, T., Hester, K., & Relyea, C. (2003). A social identity perspective on the relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational commitment. The Journal of Social Psychology, 143(6), 789-791.
  • Gül, H., Alçalar, N., Kayı, İ., Özel, S., & Özgülnar, N. (2010). Mobbing in working life and its effects on health: a cross sectional study among privately-owned bank workers. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 30(6), 1917-1927.
  • Güleryüz, E. (2004). Örgütsel Özdeşim Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlanması [Adaptation of the Organizational Identification Scale of Turkish]. Unpublisherd study, Ankara.
  • Hofstede, G. (1983). The cultural relativity of organizational practices and theories. Journal of International Business Studies, 14(2), 75-89.
  • Hornstein, H. A. (2003). Workplace incivility: An unavoidable product of human nature and organizational nurturing. Ivey Business Journal, 68(2), 1-7.
  • Johnston, L., & Hewstone, M. (1990). Intergroup contact: Social identity and social cognition. In D. Abrams & M. Hogg (Eds.), Social identity theory: Constructive and critical advances, (pp.185-210). London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
  • Kasen, S., Johnson, J. G., Chen, H., Crawford, T. N., & Cohen, P. (2011). School climate and change in personality disorder symptom trajectories related to bullying: A prospective study. In D. E. Espelage & S. S. Swearer (Eds. ),
  • Bullying in North American Schools (2nd ed., pp. 161-181). New York: Routledge.
  • Keashly, L. (2001). Interpersonal and systemic aspects of emotional abuse at work: The target's perspective. Violence and Victims, 16(3), 233-268.
  • Keashly, L., & Neuman, J. H. (2010). Faculty experiences with bullying in higher education: Causes, consequences, and management. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 32(1), 48-70.
  • Lam, L. W., Liu, Y., & Loi, R. (2016). Looking intra-organizationally for identity cues: Whether perceived organizational support shapes employees’ organizational identification. Human Relations, 69(2), 345-367.
  • Lee, S. M. (1971). An empirical analysis of organizational identification. Academy of Management Journal, 14(2), 213-226.
  • Leymann, H. (1990). Mobbing and psychological terror at workplaces. Violence and Victims, 5(2), 119-126.
  • Leymann, H. (1996). The content and development of mobbing at work. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(2), 165-184.
  • Leymann, H., & Gustafsson, A. (1996). Mobbing at work and the development of post-traumatic stress disorders. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(2), 251-275.
  • Lim, J. J. C. (2011). A cross-cultural comparison and examination of workplace bullying in Singapore and the United States. Unpublished doctoral disserttion, University of Houston, Houston, USA.
  • Loh, J. M. I., Restubog, S. L. D., & Zagenczyk, T. J. (2010). Consequences of workplace bullying on employee identification and satisfaction among Australians and Singaporeans. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 41(2), 236-252.
  • Mael, F. (1988). Organizational identification: Construct redefinition and a field application with organizational alumni. Unbuplished doctoral dissertation, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
  • Mael, F., & Ashforth, B. E. (1992). Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(2), 103-123.
  • March, J. G., & Simon, H. A. (1958). Organizations. Oxford: Wiley Organizations
  • Mardia, K. V. (1970). Measures of multivariate skewness and kurtosis with applications. Biometrika, 57(3), 519-530.
  • Moreno-Jiménez, B., Rodríguez-Muñoz, A., Salin, D., & Morante, M. E. (2008). Workplace bullying in southern Europe: Prevalence, forms and risk groups in ma Spanish sample. International Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 13(2), 95-109.
  • Namie, G., & Namie, R. (2009). US Workplace bullying: Some basic considerations and consultation interventions. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 61(3), 202.
  • Norman, M., Ambrose, S. A., & Huston, T. A. (2006). Assessing and addressing faculty morale: Cultivating consciousness, empathy, and empowerment. The Review of Higher Education, 29(3), 347-379.
  • Özler, D. E., Atalay, C. G., & Şahin, M. D. (2008). Mobbingin örgütsel bağlılık üzerine etkisini belirlemeye yönelik bir araştırma [A research to determine the impact of mobbing on organizational commitminet]. Dumlupınar Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22, 37-60.
  • Pelit, E., & Kılıç, İ. (2012). Mobbing ile örgütsel bağlılık ilişkisi: şehir ve sayfiye otellerinde bir uygulama [The relationship between mobbing and organizational commitment: An application on city and resort hotels]. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(2), 122-140.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879-903.
  • Quine, L. (2001). Workplace bullying in nurses. Journal of Health Psychology,6(1), 73-84.
  • Reade, C. (2001). Dual identification in multinational corporations: Local managers and their psychological attachment to the subsidiary versus the global organization. International Journal of Human Resource Management,12(3), 405-424.
  • Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: a review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698-714.
  • Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R., & Armeli, S. (2001). Affective commitment to the organization: the contribution of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(5), 825-836.
  • Riketta, M. (2005). Organizational identification: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66(2), 358-384.
  • Riketta, M., Van Dick, R., & Rousseau, D. M. (2006). Employee attachment in the short and long run: Antecedents and consequences of situatedand deep-structure identification. Zeitschrift für Personalpsychologie, 5(3), 85-93.
  • Shore, L. M., & Tetrick, L. E. (1991). A construct validity study of the Survey of Perceived Organizational Support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(5), 637-643.
  • Shore, L. M., & Wayne, S. J. (1993). Commitment and employee behavior: comparison of affective commitment and continuance commitment with perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(5), 774-780.
  • Sokmen, A., Ekmekcioglu, E. B., & Celik, K. (2015). Algılanan örgütsel destek, örgütsel özdeşleşme ve yönetici etik davranışı ilişkisi: Araştırma görevlilerine yönelik araştırma. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 125-144.
  • Tajfel, H. E. (1978). Differentiation between social groups: Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations. Oxford: Academic Press.
  • Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. pp. 33-47 in W. G. Austin, & S. Worchel (eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
  • The Grand National Assembly of Turkey (2011). İşyerinde Psikolojik Taciz (Mobbing) ve Çözüm Önerileri Komisyon Raporu [Psychological Harresment (Mobbing) at Work and Resolution Proposal Commission Report]. Kadın Erkek Fırsat Eşitliği Komisyonu Yayınları No: 6, Ankara.
  • Topa, G., & Moriano, J. A. (2013). Stress and nurses' horizontal mobbing: Moderating effects of group identity and group support. Nursing Outlook, 61(3), 25-31.
  • Turunç, Ö., & Çelik, M. (2010). Algılanan örgütsel desteğin çalışanların iş-aile, aile-iş çatışması, örgütsel özdeşleşme ve işten ayrılma niyetine etkisi: Savunma sektöründe bir araştırma [The Effect of Perceived Organizational Support on Work-Family Conflict, Family-Work Conflict, Organizational Identification and Turnover Intention: A Research on Defence Sector]. Atatürk Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 14(1), 209-232.
  • Tyler, T. R., & Lind, E. A. (1992). A relational model of authority in groups. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 115-191.
  • Van Dick, R., Christ, O., Stellmacher, J., Wagner, U., Ahlswede, O., Grubba, C., Hauptmeier, M., Höhfeld, C., Moltzen, K., & Tissington, P. A. (2004). Should I stay or should I go? Explaining turnover intentions with organizational identification and job satisfaction. British Journal of Management, 15(4), 351-360.
  • Viswesvaran, C., Sanchez, J. I., & Fisher, J. (1999). The role of social support in the process of work stress: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54(2), 314-334.
  • Wu, Z., Liu, J., & Hui, C. (2010). Workplace ostracism and organizational citizenship behavior: The roles of organizational identification and collectivism. Nankai Business Review, 13(3), 36-44.
  • Yelgeçen Tigrel, E., & Kokalan, O. (2009). Academic Mobbing in Turkey. International Journal of Social and Human Sciences, 3, 1028-36
  • Yıldırım, A., & Yıldırım, D. (2007). Mobbing in the workplace by peers and managers: mobbing experienced by nurses working in healthcare facilities in Turkey and its effect on nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 16(8), 1444-1453.
  • Yıldız, S., Tüzüntürk, S., & Giorgi, G. (2008). Workplace bullying in Turkey: prevalence among private sector employees. Risorsa Uom, 14, 157-170.
  • Yüksel, M., & Tunçsiper, B. (2011). The relationship between mobbing and organizational commitment in workplace. International Review of Management and Marketing, 1(3), 54-64.
  • Zapf, D., Knorz, C., & Kulla, M. (1996). On the relationship between mobbing factors, and job content, social work environment, and health outcomes. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(2), 215-237.
Eurasian Journal of Educational Research-Cover
  • ISSN: 1302-597X
  • Başlangıç: 2015
  • Yayıncı: Anı Yayıncılık