AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NİN İNSAN HAKLARI POLİTİKASI: DIŞ İLİŞKİLER PERSPEKTİFİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Avrupa Birliği’nin (AB) amacı, insan haklarını iç ve dış politikasında korumak ve yaymaktır. Bu amacı yerine getirmek üzere AB, vatandaşlarının haklarını korumak için çeşitli mekanizmalar geliştirmiştir. Dış ilişkileri bakımından ise Birlik, üçüncü ülkelerle aktedilen ticari ve daha kapsamlı anlaşmalara insan hakları maddeleri koymaktadır. Bunun da ötesinde Birlik, AB’ye katılmak isteyen ülkeleri insan hakları uygulamaları bakımından Avrupalılaştırmak için koşulluluk ilkesini etkili bir araç olarak kullanmaktadır. Bu nedenlerle AB, sivil toplumla güçlü bağlar kurmakta ve üçüncü ülkelerde insan hakları ve demokrasiyi güçlendirme amacını dile getirmektedir. Ancak AB’nin insan hakları rejimi çeşitli yönlerden eleştirilmektedir ve bu eleştiriler mülteci krizi ve son yıllarda Birliğin genişleme ve derinleşmesinde yaşanan kimi sorunlar nedeniyle artmaktadır. Bu arka plana dayanarak bu makalenin amacı, AB’nin insan hakları rejimini incelemek ve bu rejimin mevcut etkilerini Birliğe 1999 yılından beri aday ülke olan Türkiye örneğinde ele almaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İnsan Hakları, Genişleme, AB, Dış İlişkiler, Türkiye

EUROPEAN UNION’S HUMAN RIGHTS POLICY: AN ANALYSIS FROM EXTERNAL RELATIONS PERSPECTIVE

European Union (EU) aims to protect and promote human rights both in its internal policy and the external relations. Through this objective, the EU constitutes various mechanisms in order to protect its citizens’ rights. Regarding its external relations, the Union enacts human rights clauses in trade and more comprehensive agreements with third countries. Moreover, it uses the conditionality principle as an effective tool to Europeanize the countries in terms of human rights practices that aspire to join the EU. In order to achieve its objective, the EU establishes strong links with civil society and aims to empower the democratic ground for human rights and democracy in third countries. However the EU’s human rights regime is criticized from various aspects and the general discontent has escalated with the current refugee crisis and some deteriorating circumstances of the EU’s widening and deepening in recent years. Against this background, this article aims to elaborate the EU’s human rights regime and examine the current effects of this regime on the basis of Turkey, a candidate country to the EU since 1999.

Keywords:

Human Rights, Enlargement, EU, External Relations, Turkey,

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