ÜRÜN GERİ KAZANIMI İÇİN LOJİSTİK ŞEBEKE TASARIMI: KANTİTATİF MODELLERİN TARAMASI VE POTANSİYEL ARAŞTIRMA FIRSATLARI

Özellikle son 10 yıl içinde, Tedarik Zinciri Yönetimi (TZY), Lojistik Yönetimi (LY) ve Ürün Geri Kazanımı (ÜGK) için Lojistik Şebeke Tasarımı (LŞT), artan bir ilgi kazanmıştır. ÜGK için LŞT, stratejik seviyede bir planlama konusu olup, sistemin performansı ve dolayısıyla işletmenin kârlılığı ve sürdürülebilirliği ile çok yakından ilgilidir.Bu çalışmada, ilk olarak, ÜGK için LŞT tanıtılmakta ve artan önemi ve hızlı gelişimine dikkat çekilmektedir. Daha sonra, geri kazanım şebeke tasarımı için geliştirilen kantitatif modeller literatürünün gelişme durumu gözden geçirilmektedir. Son olarak, potansiyel araştırma fırsatları vurgulanmaktadır.

LOGISTICS NETWORK DESIGN FOR PRODUCT RECOVERY: A REVIEW OF QUANTITATIVE MODELS AND POTENTIAL RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES

Especially within the last decade, Supply Chain Management (SCM), Logistics Management (LM) and Logistics Network Design (LND) for Product Recovery (PR) have received an increasing attention. LND for PR is a strategic level planning topic, and related closely to the performance of the system and profitability and sustainability of the business.In this article, firstly, LND for PR is introduced and called attention to its increasing importance and fast development. Later, a state-of the-art literature review of the quantitative models developed for recovery network design is presented. Finally, potential research opportunities are emphasized.

___

  • 1. Achillas, C., Vlachokostas, C., Aidonis, D., Moussiopoulos, N., Iakovou, E., Banias, G. 2010a. “Optimising Reverse Logistics Network to Support Policy-Making in the Case of Electrical and Electronic Equipment,” Waste Management, vol. 30(12), p. 2592-2600.
  • 2. Achillas, C., Vlachokostas, C., Moussiopoulos, T., Banias, G. 2010b. “Decision Support System for the Optimal Location of Electrical and Electronic Waste Treatment Plants: A Case Study in Greece,” Waste Management, vol. 30(5), p. 870-879.
  • 3. Ahluwalia, P. K., Nema, A. K. 2006. “Multi-Objective Reverse Logistics Model for Integrated Computer Waste Management,” Waste Management & Research, vol. 24, p. 514–527.
  • 4. Akçalı, E., Çetinkaya, S., Üster, H. 2009. “Network Design for Reverse and Closed-Loop Supply Chains: An Annotated Bibliography of Models and Solution Approaches,” Networks, vol. 53(3), p. 231-248.
  • 5. Altıparmak, F., Gen, M., Lin, L., Paksoy, T. 2006. “A Genetic Algorithm Approach for Multi-Objective Optimization of Supply Chain Networks,” Computers & Industrial Engineering, vol. 51, p. 197–216.
  • 6. Alumur, S. A., Nickel, S., Saldanha-Da-Gama, F., Verter, V. 2012. “Multi-Period Reverse Logistics Network Design,” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 220 (1), p. 67-78.
  • 7. Aras, N. 2011. “Tersine Tedarik Zinciri Yönetimi (TTZY),” Bilkent Üniversitesi, http://www.ie.bilkent.edu.tr/calistay/necati-aras.pdf, son erişim tarihi: 5 Eylül 2011.
  • 8. Aydın, H., Başoğlu, D., Demirel, M., Güleç, A., Palaoğlu, E., Şimşek, A., Yetiş Kara, B. 2008. “Evsel Atık Toplama Ağı Tasarımı ve Geri Kazanım Süreçlerinin İyileştirilmesi,” Endüstri Mühendisliği Dergisi, Makina Mühendisleri Odası, c. 19 (3), s. 2-16
  • 9. Barba-Guti´errez, Y., Adenso-D´ıaz, B., Hopp, M. 2008. “An Analysis of Some Environmental Consequences of European Electrical And Electronic Waste Regulation,” Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 52, p. 481–495.
  • 10. Barker, T., Zabinsky, Z. 2010. “Designing for Recovery,” Industrial Engineer, vol. 42 (4), p. 38-43.
  • 11. Barros, A. I., Dekker, R., Scholten, V. 1998. “A Two-Level Network for Recycling Sand: A Case Study,” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 110, p. 199-214.
  • 12. Biehla, M., Praterb, E., Realffc, M. J. 2007. “Assessing Performance and Uncertainty in Developing Carpet Reverse Logistics Systems,” Computers & Operations Research, vol. 34, p. 443–463.
  • 13. Blanc, H. M., Fleuren, L. H. A., Krikke, H. R. 2004. “Redesign of a Recycling System for LPG-Tanks,” OR Spectrum, vol. 26, p. 283–304.
  • 14. Bostel, N., Dejax, P., Lu, Z. 2005. “The Design, Planning, and Optimization of Reverse Logistics Networks,” Logistics Systems: Design and Optimization, eds: Langevin, A., Riopel, D., Springer, U.S.A., p. 171-212.
  • 15. Cagno, E., Magalini, F., Trucco, P. 2008. “Modelling and Planning of Product Recovery Network: The Case Study of End-of-Life Refrigerators in Italy,” International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management, vol. 8(4), p. 385-404.
  • 16. Carol, P., Kocabaşoğlu, C. 2006. “Empirical Research Opportunities in Reverse Supply Chains,” Omega, vol. 34(6), p. 519-532.
  • 17. Chan, C. K., Hou, S. H., Langevin, A. 2012. “Advances in Optimization and Design of Supply Chains,” International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 135(1): p. 1-3
  • 18. Chang, X., Huo, J., Chen, S. 2006. “Study on Integrated Logistics Network Model and Network Design for Waste Electrical And Electronic Equipment,” IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics, Shanghai, p. 654-658.
  • 19. Chen, H.-K., Chou H.-W. 2006. “Reverse Supply Chain Network Design Problem,” Transportation Research Record, vol. 1964, p. 42-49.
  • 20. Chu, H.-S., Song, S.-J. 2004.“Status and Developing Trends of Reverse Logistics,” Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems (CIMS), vol. 10(1), p. 10-14-64.
  • 21. Chu, L. K., Shi, Y., Lin, S., Sculli, D., Ni, J. 2010. “Fuzzy Chance-Constrained Programming Model for a Multi-Echelon Reverse Logistics Network for Household Appliances,” Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol. 61(4), p. 551-560.
  • 22. Cruz-Rivera, R., Ertel, J. 2009. “Reverse Logistics Network Design for the Collection of End-of-Life Vehicles in Mexico,” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 196(3), p. 930-939.
  • 23. Cui, J., Zhang, L. 2008.“Metallurgical Recovery of Metals from Electronic Waste: A Review”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 158: 228–256.
  • 24. De Brito, M. P., Dekker, R. 2002a. “Reverse Logistics–A Framework,” Econometric Institute Report, Erasmus University, Rotterdam.
  • 25. De Brito, M. P., Flapper, S. D. P. Dekker, R. 2002b. “Reverse Logistics: A Review of Case Studies,” Econometric Institute Report, Erasmus University, EI 2002-21, Rotterdam.
  • 26. De La Fuente, M. V., Ros, L., Cardós, M. 2007. “Integrating Forward and Reverse Supply Chains: Application to a Metal-Mechanic Company”, International Journal of Production Economics, 111(2): 782-792.
  • 27. Du, F., Evans, G. W. 2007. “A Bi-Objective Reverse Logistics Network Analysis for Post-Sale Service,” Computers & Operations Research, vol. 35(8), p. 2617-2634.
  • 28. Easwaran, G., Üster, H. 2010. “A Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network Design Problem with Integrated Forward and Reverse Channel Decisions,” IIE Transactions (Institute of Industrial Engineers), vol. 42(11), p. 779-792.
  • 29. Field, J. M., Sroufe, R. P. 2007. “The Use of Recycled Materials in Manufacturing: Implications for Supply Chain Management and Operations Strategy,” International Journal of Production Research, vol. 45(18/19), p. 4439-4463.
  • 30. Fleischmann, M., Bloemhof-Ruwaard, J. M., Dekker, R., Laan, E. V. D., Van Nunen, J. A. E., Van Wassenhove, L. N. 1997. “Quantitative Models for Reverse Logistics: A Review,” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. (103), p. 1-17.
  • 31. Fleischmann, M., Krikke, H. R., Dekker, R., Flapper, S. D. P. 2000. “A Characterisation of Logistics Networks for Product Recovery,” Omega, vol. 28, p. 653-666.
  • 32. Fleischmann, M., Beullens, P., Bloemhof-Ruwaard, J. M. ve Van Wassenhove, L. N. 2001. “The Impact of Product Recovery on Logistics Network Design,” Production and Operations Management, vol. 10(2), p. 156-173.
  • 33. Georgiadis, P., Vlachos, D. 2004. “The Effect of Environmental Parameters on Product Recovery,” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 157, p. 449–464.
  • 34. Guide Jr, V. D. R., Van Wassenhove, L. N. 2001. “Managing Product Returns for Remanufacturing,” Production and Operations Management, vol. 10(2), p. 142-155.
  • 35. Gungor, A., Gupta, S. M. 1999. “Issues in Environmentally Concious Manufacturing and Product Recovery: A Survey,” Computers and Industrial Engineering, vol. 36, p. 811-853.
  • 36. Ilgın, M. A., Gupta, S. M. 2010. “Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing and Product Recovery (ECMPRO): A Review of the State of the Art,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 91(3), p. 563-591.
  • 37. Jämsä, P. 2009. “Opportunities for Research in Reverse Logistics Networks: A Literature Review,” International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, vol. 6(4), p. 433-454.
  • 38. Jamshidi, M. 2011. “Reverse Logistics,” Reverse Logistics, Logistics Operations and Management: Concepts and Models, eds: Farahani, R., Rezapour, S., Kardar, L., Elsevier, U.S.A., p. 247-266.
  • 39. Jang, Y-C., Kim, M. 2010. “Management of Used & End-of-Life Mobile Phones in Korea: A Review,” Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 55(1), p. 11-19.
  • 40. Jayaraman, V, Guide Jr, V. D. R., Srivastava, R. 1999. “A Closed-Loop Logistics Model for Remanufacturing,” Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol. 50, p. 497-508.
  • 41. Jayaraman, V., Patterson, R. A., Rolland, E. 2003. “The Design of Reverse Distribution Networks: Models and Solution Procedures,” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 150, p. 128–149.
  • 42. Jinan, C., Zhang, Y., Xie, L., Hang, W., Cui, X. 2007. “A Robust Model for 3PLs to Design a Remanufacturing Logistics Network Under the Uncertain Environment,” Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics, Jinan, China.
  • 43. Kabak, O., Ülengin, F. 2011. “Possibilistic Linear-Programming Approach for Supply Chain Networking Decisions,” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 209(3), p. 253-264.
  • 44. Ko, H. J., Evans, G. W. 2007. “A Genetic Algorithm-Based Heuristic for the Dynamic Integrated Forward/Reverse Logistics Network for 3PLs,” Computers & Operations Research, vol. 34, p. 346–366.
  • 45. Kocabaşoğlu, C., Prahinski, C., Klassen, R. D. 2007. “Linking Forward and Reverse Supply Chain Investments: The Role of Business Uncertainty,” Journal of Operations Management, vol. 25(6), p. 1141-1160.
  • 46. Krikke, H. R., Kooi, E. J., Schuur, P. C. 1999a. “Network Design in Reverse Logistics: A Quantitative Model,” New Trends in Distribution Logistics, eds: Speranza, M. G., Stähly, P., Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, vol. 480, p. 45-61.
  • 47. Krikke, H. R., Van Harten, A., Schuur, P. C. 1999b. “Business Case Oc´e: Reverse Logistic Network Re-Design for Copiers,” OR Spektrum, vol. 21, p. 381–409.
  • 48. Krikke, H. 2011 “Impact of Closed-Loop Network Configurations on Carbon Footprints: A Case Study in Copiers,” Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 55 (12), p. 1196-1205.
  • 49. Kuo, T. C. 2010. “The Construction of a Collaborative-Design Platform to Support Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Recycling,” Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, vol. 26(1), p. 100-108.
  • 50. Kusumastuti, R. D., Piplani, R., Lim, G. H. 2004. “An Approach to Design Reverse Logistics Networks for Product Recovery,” IEEE International Engineering Management Conference, vol. 3, p. 1239-1243.
  • 51. Lambert, S., Riopel, D., Abdul-Kader, W. 2011. “A Reverse Logistics Decisions Conceptual Framework,” Computers & Industrial Engineering, vol. 61, no. 3, p. 561–581.
  • 52. Lee, D-H., Bian, W., Dong, M. 2007a “A Multiobjective Model and Solution Method for Integrated Forward and Reverse Logistics Network Design for Third-Party Logistics Providers,” Transportation Research Board 86th Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., U.S.A., vol. 2032, p. 43-52.
  • 53. Lee, D-H, Bian, W., Dong, M. 2007b. “Multiproduct Distribution Network Design of Third-Party Logistics Providers with Reverse – Logistics Operations,” Transportation Research Board 86th Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., U.S.A., vol. 2008(1), p. 26-33.
  • 54. Lee, D-H., Dong, M. 2008. “A Heuristic Approach to Logistics Network Design for End-of-Lease Computer Products Recovery,” Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, vol. 44, no. 3, p. 455–474.
  • 55. Lee, D-H., Dong, M., Bian, W. 2010. “The Design of Sustainable Logistics Network Under Uncertainty,” International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 128(1), p. 159-166.
  • 56. Liang, T-F. 2012. “Integrated Manufacturing/Distribution Planning Decisions with Multiple Imprecise Goals in an Uncertain Environment,” Quality and Quantity, vol. 46(1), p. 137-153. (Published online: 4 April 2010).
  • 57. Listeş, O. 2007. “A Generic Stochastic Model for Supply-and-Return Network Design,” Computers & Operations Research, vol 34, p. 417–442.
  • 58. Lua, Z., Bostel, N. 2007. “A Facility Location Model for Logistics Systems Including Reverse Flows: The Case of Remanufacturing Activities,” Computers & Operations Research, vol. 34, p. 299–323.
  • 59. Mansour, S., Zarei, M., Kashan, A., H., Karimi, B. 2010. “Designing A Reverse Logistics Network for End-of-Life Vehicles Recovery,” Mathematical Problems in Engineering, vol. 2010, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/649028, son erişim tarihi: 11.07.2014.
  • 60. Mar-Ortiz, J., Adenso-Diaz, B., González-Velarde, J. L. 2011. “Design of A Recovery Network for WEEE Collection: The Case of Galicia, Spain,” Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol. 62(8), p. 1471-1484.
  • 61. Melo, M. T., Nickel, S., Saldanha-da-Gama, F. 2009. “Facility Location and Supply Chain Management - A Review,” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 196(2), p. 401-412.
  • 62. Min, H., Ko, H. J., Ko, C. S. 2006. “A Genetic Algorithm Approach to Developing the Multi-Echelon Reverse Logistics Network for Product Returns,” Omega, vol. 34, p. 56– 69.
  • 63. Min, H., Ko, H.-J. 2007. “The Dynamic Design of A Reverse Logistics Network from the Perspective of Third-Party Logistics Service Providers,” International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 113(1), p. 176-192.
  • 64. Mirzapour, S. M. J., Malekly, H., Aryanezhad, M. B. 2011. “A Multi-Objective Robust Optimization Model for Multi-Product Multi-Site Aggregate Production Planning in A Supply Chain Under Uncertainty,” International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 134(1), p. 28-42
  • 65. Mohammadi, M., Manteghi, M., Moballegh, M., Geidar-Kheljani, J. 2011. “Design Excellent Supply Chain Network in Uncertainty Environment with Fuzzy Logic Approach,” European Journal of Social Sciences, vol. 22(4), p. 501-509.
  • 66. Mula, J., David, P., Poler, R. 2010.“The Effectiveness of A Fuzzy Mathematical Programming Approach for Supply Chain Production Planning with Fuzzy Demand,” International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 128(1), p. 136-143.
  • 67. Neto, J. Q. F., Walther, G., Bloemhof, J., Van Nunen, J. A. E., Spengler, T. 2009. “A Methodology for Assessing Eco-Efficiency in Logistics Networks,” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 193(3), p. 670-682.
  • 68. Ongondo, F. O., Williams, I. D., Cherrett, T. J. 2011. “How Are WEEE Doing? A Global Review of the Management of Electrical and Electronic Wastes,” Waste Management, vol. 31, p. 714–730.
  • 69. Ongondo, F. O., Williams, I. D. 2011. “Mobile Phone Collection, Reuse and Recycling in the UK”, Waste Management, vol. 31(6), p. 1307-1315.
  • 70. Ongondo, F. O., Williams, I. D. 2012. “A Critical Review of the UK Household WEEE Collection Network,” Proceedings of Institution of Civil Engineers: Waste and Resource Management, vol. 165 (1), p. 13-23.
  • 71. Pati, R., Vrat, K. P., Kumar, P. 2008. “A Goal Programming Model for Paper Recycling System,” Omega, vol. 36, p. 405–417.
  • 72. Peidro, D., Mula, J., Poler, R. 2010. “Fuzzy Linear Programming for Supply Chain Planning Under Uncertainty,” International Journal of Information Technology and Decision Making, vol. 9 (3), p. 373-392.
  • 73. Pishvaee, M. S., Torabi, S. A. 2010. “A Possibilistic Programming Approach for Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network Design Under Uncertainty,” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 161(20), p. 2668-2683.
  • 74. Pishvaee, M. S., Rabbani, M., Torabi, S. A. 2011. “A Robust Optimization Approach to Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network Design Under Uncertainty,” Applied Mathematical Modelling, vol. 35(2), p. 637-649.
  • 75. Pishvaee, M. S., Razmi, J. 2012. “Environmental Supply Chain Network Design Using Multi-Objective Fuzzy Mathematical Programming,” Applied Mathematical Modelling, vol. 36 (8), p. 3433-3446.
  • 76. Pochampally, K. K., Gupta, S. M. 2003. “A Multi-Phase Mathematical Programming Approach to Strategic Planning of An Efficient Reverse Supply Chain Network,” IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, Boston, U.S.A., p. 72.
  • 77. Pochampally, K. K., Gupta, S. M. 2005. “Strategic Planning of a Reverse Supply Chain Network,” International Journal of Integrated Supply Management (IJISM), vol. 1(4).
  • 78. Pokharel, S. 2008. “A Two Objective Model for Decision Making in A Supply Chain,” International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 111(2), p. 378-388.
  • 79. Pokharel, S., Mutha, A. 2009. “Perspectives in Reverse Logistics: A Review,” Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 53(4), p. 175-182.
  • 80. Qin, Z., Ji, X. 2010. “Logistics Network Design for Product Recovery in Fuzzy Environment,” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 202(2), p. 479-490.
  • 81. Rand, G. 2005. “Reverse Logistics: Quantitative Models for Closed-Loop Supply Chains,” Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol. 56(6), p. 752.
  • 82. Renteria, A., Alvarez, E., Perez, J., Del Pozo, D. 2011. “A Methodology to Optimize the Recycling Process of WEEE: Case of Television Sets and Monitors,” International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 54(5-8), p. 789-800.
  • 83. Robinson, B. H. 2009. “E-Waste: An Assessment of Global Production and Environmental Impacts,” Science of The Total Environment, vol. 408 (2), p. 183-191.
  • 84. Rousis, K., Moustakas, K., Stylianou, M. 2008. “Management of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment: The Case of Television Sets and Refrigerators,” Journal of Environmental Engineering Science, vol. 7, p. 105–114.
  • 85. Rubio, S., Chamorro, A., Miranda, F. J. 2008. “Characteristics of the Research on Reverse Logistics (1995-2005),” Internatıonal Journal of Productıon Research, vol. 46(4), p. 1099-1120.
  • 86. Salema, M. I. G., Póvoa, A. P. B., Novais, A. Q. 2007a. “An Optimization Model for the Design of a Capacitated Multi-Product Reverse Logistics Network with Uncertainty,” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 179, p. 1063–1077.
  • 87. Salema, M. I. G., Póvoa, A. P. B., Novais, A. Q. 2007b. “Design and Planning of Supply Chains with Reverse Flows,” European Symposium on Computer-Aided Process Engineering-15, 38th European Symposium of the Working Party on Computer Aided Process Engineering, Barcelona, Spain.
  • 88. Salema, M. I. G, Póvoa, A. P. B., Novais, A. Q. 2007c. “Reverse Logistics Network Design: Model Performances,”.The Fifth International Conference on Optimization, Lisbon, Portugal.
  • 89. Salema, M. I. G., Barbosa-Povoa, A. P., & Novais, A. Q. 2010. “Simultaneous Design and Planning of Supply Chains with Reverse Flows: A Generic Modelling Framework,” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 203(2), p. 336-349.
  • 90. Salema, M. I. G., Barbosa-Povoa, A. P., Novais, A. Q. 2011. “Modelling a Recovery Network for WEEE: A Case Study in Portugal,” Waste Management, vol. 31(7), p. 1645-1660.
  • 91. Schleiffer, R. J., Sebastian, F. G., Kapoustina, N. 2004. “Application of Genetic Algorithms for the Design of Large-Scale Reverse Logistic Networks in Europe’s Automotive Industry,” Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii, U.S.A.
  • 92. Schultmann, F., Zumkeller, M., Rentz, O. 2006. “Modeling Reverse Logistic Tasks within Closed-Loop Supply Chains: An Example from the Automotive Industry,” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 171, p. 1033–1050.
  • 93. Sim, E., Jung, S., Kim, H., Park, J. 2004. “A Generic Network Design for a Closed-Loop Supply Chain Using Genetic Algorithm,” Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, vol. 3103, p. 1214-1225.
  • 94. Srivastava, S. K. 2007. “Green Supply-Chain Management: A State-of the-Art Literature Review,” International Journal of Management Reviews, vol. 9(1), p. 53–80.
  • 95. Srivastava, S. K. 2008. “Network Design for Reverse Logistics”, Omega, vol. 36, p. 535–548.
  • 96. Tang, Q., Xie, F. 2007. “A Genetic Algorithm for Reverse Logistics Network Design,” Third International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC), Haikou, Hainan, China.
  • 97. Thierry, M., Salomon, M., Van Nunen, J., Van Wassenhove, L. N. 1995 “Strategic Issues in Product Recovery Management,” California Management, vol. 37(2), p. 114-135.
  • 98. Tuzkaya, G., Gülsün, B., Önsel, Ş. 2011. “A Methodology for the Strategic Design of Reverse Logistics Networks and its Application in the Turkish White Goods Industry,” International Journal of Production Research, vol. 49(15), p. 4543-4571.
  • 99. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı. 2011. “Yönetmelikler,” http://atikyonetimi.cevreorman.gov.tr/atikyonetimi/AnaSayfa/solmenu/Mevzuat.aspx?sflang=tr, son erişim tarihi: 5 Eylül 2011.
  • 100. Veerakamolmal, P., Gupta, S. M. 2000. "Optimizing the Supply Chain in Reverse Logistics," Proceedings of the SPIE, International Conference on Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing, Boston, MA, U.S.A., vol. 4193, p. 157-166.
  • 101. Wäger, P. A., Hischier, R., Eugster, M. 2011. “Environmental Impacts of the Swiss Collection and Recovery Systems for Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE): A Follow-Up,” Science of the Total Environment, vol. 409(10), p. 1746-1756.
  • 102. Wan, Y. 2006. “Research on the Solution of the Reverse Logistics Problem,” Proceedıngs of the 3rd International Conference on Innovation & Management, Wuhan, China, p. 1947-1950.
  • 103. Wang, H, Fang, F. 2006. “A Study on the Design of Reverse Logistics Network,” Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Innovation & Management, Wuhan, China, p. 943-946.
  • 104. Wang, X., Zhang, K., Yang, B. 2011. “Optimal Design of Reverse Logistics Network on E-Waste in Shanghai,” International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations, vol. 8(3-4), p. 209-223.
  • 105. Wojanowski, R., Verter, V., Boyaci, T. 2007. “Retail–Collection Network Design Under Deposit–Refund,” Computers & Operations Research, vol. 34, p. 324–345.
  • 106. Xanthopoulos, A., Iakovou, E. 2010. “A Strategic Methodological Optimisation Framework for the Design of A Reverse Logistics Network with Forward Supply Channel Synergies,” International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, vol. 7(2), p. 165-183.
  • 107. Xia, S-C. ve Xi, L-F. 2005. “Modeling of Robust Design of Remanufacturing Logistics Networks,” Journal of Dong Hua University, vol. 22(1), p. 106-112.
  • 108. Yamane, L. H., de Moraes, V. T., Espinosa, D. C. R., Tenório, J. A. S. 2011. “Recycling of WEEE: Characterization of Spent Printed Circuit Boards from Mobile Phones and Computers,” Waste Management, vol. 31(12), p. 2553-2558.
  • 109. Yao, W. 2006. “A Network Designing Method for Closed-Loop Supply Chain,” Proceeding of the 2006 International Conference on Management of Logistics and Supply Chain, Chang Sha - Sydney, p. 252-256.
  • 110. Yüksel, H. 2003. “İşletmelerin Çevreye Duyarlı Üretim Faaliyetlerinin Ampirik Bir Çalışma ile Değerlendirilmesi,” Makina Mühendisleri Odası, Endüstri Mühendisliği Dergisi, cilt 24, sayı 2.
  • 111. Zaarour, N., Melachrinoudis, E., Min, H. 2006. “Developing the Reverse Logistics Network for Product Returns,” Proceedings of SPIE–6385 Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing VI.
  • 112. Zhang, Y. M., Huang, G. H., He, L. 2011. “An Inexact Reverse Logistics Model for Municipal Solid Waste Management Systems,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 92(3), p. 522-530.
  • 113. Zhao, X., Lee, T. 2009. “Developments and Emerging Research Opportunities in Operations Strategy and Supply Chain Management,” International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 120(1), p. 1-4.