ESPING-ANDERSEN VE REFAH REJİMİ TARTIŞMALARI: TEORİK BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Refah rejimi, bir ülkenin uyguladığı sosyal politikalara siyasi, sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel açıdan ışık tutması nedeniyle önemlidir. Esping-Andersen'in (1990) yaptığı refah rejimi sınıflandırmalarına yönelik çalışma, yaklaşık otuz yıldır sosyal politika araştırmalarının temel tartışma alanlarından birini oluşturmuştur. Esping-Andersen’in çalışması pek çok çalışmaya ilham kaynağı olmuş ve bu doğrultuda yeni araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Bu araştırmaların pek çoğu Esping-Andersen’in sınıflandırmasına hem kapsam hem de yöntem açısından eleştirel yaklaşmaktadır. Ancak, eleştirel yaklaşımların çoğunun Esping-Andersen’in çalışmasını doğruladığı veya katkıda bulunduğu görülmektedir. Bu makalede, refah devletinin gelişim sürecinde ortaya çıkan refah rejimi tartışmaları teorik çerçevede incelenmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, Esping-Andersen’in sınıflandırması ve bu sınıflandırmaya yönelik eleştiriler analiz edilmektedir. Refah rejimi ile ilgili 1990’lardan itibaren yürütülen tartışmaların Esping-Andersen’in çalışması çerçevesinde şekillendiği ve yapılan çalışmaların bunun bir devamı niteliğinde olduğu ortaya konulmaktadır.

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