___

• Alday, S., and Ugarte, E., 1997. Genetic evaluation of calving ease in Spanish Holstein population, Interbull Bulletin No. 18:21-24.
• Bar-Anan, R., Soller, M. and Browman, J.C., 1976. Genetic and enviromental factors affecting the incidence of difficulty calving and perinatal calf mortality in Israeli-Friesian dairy herds, Animal Prod., 22:299.
• Berger, P., 1994, Genetic prediction for calving ease in the United States: data, models and use by the dairy industry, Journal of Dairy Sci., 77:1146-1153.
• Burfening, P.J., Kress, D.D. and Friendrich, R.L., 1981. Calving ease and growth rate of Simmental-sired calves. III. Direct and maternal effects, Journal of Animal Sci., 53:1210-1216.
• Canavesi, F., Biffani, S. and Samorè, A.B., 2003. Revising the genetic evaluation for calving ease in the Italian Holstein Friesian, Proceedings of the Interbull Technical Workshop, Beltsville, MD, USA March 2-3, 2003.
• Carnier, P., Dal Zotto R., Albera, A. and Bona, M, 1998. Direct and maternal effects on calving ease in heifers and second parity Piemontese cows, Interbull, Bulletin No., 19:12-16.
• Carnier, P., Albera, A., Dal Zotto, R., Groen, A.F., Bona, M. and Bittante, G., 2000. Genetic parameters for direct and maternal calving performance over parities in Piemontese cattle, Journal of Animal Sci., 79:2532-2539.
• Chang, Y.M., 2006. Probit_Sire, Ordered_Sire, Bivar_Ordered_Binary, Ordered_SMGS, Binary_SMGS, Bivar_SMGS, University of Wisconsin, USA.
• Cue, R. and Hayes, J.F., 1985. Correlations of various direct and maternal effects for calving ease, Journal of Dairy Sci., 68:374- 381.
• Cue, R., Monardes, H., and Hayes, J., 1990. Relationships of calving ease with type traits, Journal of Dairy Sci., 73: 3586:3590.
• Djemali, M., Freeman, A. and Berger, P., 1987. Ordered categorical sire evaluation for dystocia in Holsteins, Journal of Dairy Sci., 70:2127-2131.
• Dwyer, D.J., Schaeffer, L.R. and Kennedy, B.W., 1986. Bias due to corrective matings in sire evaluations for calving ease, Journal of Dairy Sci., 69:794-799.
• Falconer, D.S., 1981. Introduction to quantitative genetics. Longman, New York.
• Fuerst, C. and Egger-Danner, C., 2003. Multivariate genetic evaluation for calving ease and stillbirth in Austria and Germany, In Interbull, Vol.14, Rome.
• Gianola, D., 1979. Heritability of polychotomous characters, Genetics, 93:1051-1055.
• Hansen, M., Lund, M., Pedersen, J. and Christensen, L., 2004. Genetic parameters for stillbirth in Danish Holstein cows using a Bayesian threshold model, Journal of Dairy Sci., 87:706-716.
• Kızılkaya, K., 2002. Hierarchical bayesian threshold models applied to the quantitative genetic analysis of calving ease scores in Italian Piemontese Cattle, PhD Thesis, University of Michigan State.
• Kızılkaya, K., Banks, B.D., Carnier, P., Albera, A., Bittante, G. and Tempelman, R.J., 2002. Bayesian inference strategies for the prediction of genetic merit using threshold models with an application to calving ease scores in Italian Piemontese cattle, Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 119:209-220.
• Laster, D.B. and Gregory, K.E., 1973. Factors influencing peri and early postnatal calf mortality, Journal of Animal Sci., 37:1092- 1097.
• Luo, M.F., Boettcher, P.J., Dekkers, J.C.M. and Schaeffer, L.R., 1999. Estimation of genetic parameters of calving ease and stillbirth for Canadian Holstein using Bayesian analysis, Journal of Dairy Sci., 82:1848.
• Luo, M.F., Boettcher, P.J., Schaeffer, L.R. and Dekkers, J.C.M., 2002. Estimation of genetic parameters of calving ease in first and second parities of Canadian Holsteins using Bayesian Methods, Livestock Production Sci., 74:175-184.
• Manfredi, E., Ducrocq, V. and Foulley, J.L., 1991a. Some factors affecting the estimation of genetic parameters for cattle dystocia under a threshold model, Animal Prod. 53:151-156.
• Manfredi, E., Ducrocq, V. and Foulley, J.L., 1991b. Genetic analysis of dystocia in dairy cattle, Journal of Dairy Sci., 74:1715-1723.
• Matos, C.A.P., Thomas, D.L., Young, L.D. and Gianola, D., 1994. Analysis of lamb survival using linear and threshold models with maternal effects, 5th World Congress of Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, Ontoria, Canada. Vol. 18:426-429.
• Meijering, A., 1984. Dystocia and stillbirth in cattle-a review of causes, relations and implications, Livestock Prod. Sci., 11:143- 177.
• Meijering, A., 1985. Sire evaluation for calving traits by BLUP and nonlinear methodology, Z. Tierzüchtg. Züchtgsbiol., 102:95-105.
• Misztal, I., 1993. CMMAT2 - maternal effect, threshold+linear model REML program, http://nce.ads.uga.edu/~ignacy/numpub/threshold/cmmat2for
• Philipsson, J., 1976. Studies on calving difficulty, stillbirth and associated factors in Swedish Cattle Breeds. III. Genetic Parameters, Acta. Agric. Scand., 26:211-220.
• Plummer, M., Best, N., Cowles, K. and Vines, K., 2005. Output analysis and diagnostics for MCMC. http://www-fis.iarc.fr/coda.
• Politiek, R.D., 1979. In “Calving Problems and Early Viability of the Calf”, 216-219, Editors B. Hoffmann, J.L. Mason and J. Schimidt, Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague.
• Pollak, E.J. and Freeman, A.E., 1976. Parameter estimation and sire evaluation for dystocia and calf size in Holsteins, Journal of Dairy Sci., 59:1817-1824.
• Steinbock, L., 2006. Comparative aspects on genetics of stillbirth and calving difficulty in Swedish Dairy Cattle breeds, Licentiate Thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 2006.
• Thompson, J.R., Freeman, A.E. and Berger, J., 1981. Age of dam and maternal effects for dystocia in Hailstones, Journal of Dairy Sci., 64:1603-1609.
• Umari, P., Thaller, G. and Hoeschele, I., 1996. The use of multiple markers in a Bayesian method for mapping quantitative trait loci, Genetics, 1831-1842.
• Weller, J.I., Misztal, I. and Gianola, D., 1988. Genetic analysis of dystocia and calf mortality in Israeli-Hailstones by Threshold and Linear Models, Journal of Dairy Sci., 71:2491-2501.