GENİŞLEYEN BİR AVRUPA’DA ÜLKE SPESİFİK YAKINSAMA DAVRANIŞI

Avrupa Birliği 1950’den beri köklü bir entegrasyon olması nedeniyle bu çalışmanın asıl inceleme konusudur. Bu çalışma nispi kişi başına GSYH yakınsama sürecini Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri ve aday ülkeler açısından incelemektedir. Teoriyi yatay kesit bağımlılığı bulduğumuz için Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri ve aday ülkeler için ikinci kuşak panel koentegrasyon testleri ile 1990-2011 dönemi için ortaya koyduk. Bu çalışma ayrıca ülke spesifik koşullu ve koşulsuz yakınsama sonuçlarını uzun dönem modelinde Ortak İlişkili Etkiler Modeli kullanılarak vermektedir. Bu katı AB ülkeleri ve aday ülkeler için çok önemli bilgiler sağlamaktadır

COUNTRY-SPECIFIC CONVERGENCE BEHAVIOR IN AN ENLARGED EUROPE

European Union is the main interest of this paper on account of the longestablished integration from 1950’s. This paper examines the process of convergence in relative GDP per capita across European Union countries and candidate countries. As we found cross-section dependence, we present second generation panel cointegration tests of the theory for the European Union countries and candidate countries for the period 1990-2011. This paper also shows country-specific conditional and unconditional convergence at the long-run model by way of using Common Correlated Effect Model. This contribution gives crucial information about the European Union countries and candidate countries

___

  • Altin, O., Demirci S., Cakir, O. & Semiz, H. (2010). AB Genisleme Surecinin Uye Ulkelerin Iktisadi Buyumesi ve Dis Ticareti Uzerine Etkileri: Panel Veri Analizi [EU Enlargement Process’ Economic Growth and Foreign Trade EEffects on Candidate Countries: Panel Data S_DemirciH_ Semiz.pdf>. 11 February 2012,
  • Amable B. & Juillard M. (2000). The Historical Process of Convergence, http://www.jourdan.ens.fr/~amable/tableconv.pdf
  • Baldwin, R.E. (1989). The Growth Effect of 1992, Economic Policy: A European Forum, 9, 247-281.
  • Baldwin, R.E. & Seghezza, E. (1996). Testing for Trade-induced Investment-led Growth, NBER Working Paper Series, 5416.
  • Barro, R.J. & Sala-i-Martin, X. (1995). Economic Growth, United States of America: McGraw- Hill, Inc.
  • Barro R.J. & Sala-i-Martin, X. (1997). Technological Diffusion, Convergence and Growth, Journal of Economic Growth, 2(1), 1-27.
  • Barro, R.J. (1997). Determinants of Economic Growth: a Cross-country Empirical Study. Cambridge, England: The MIT Press.
  • Bernard, A. B. & Durlauf, S. N. (1991). Convergence of International Output Movements, National Brueau of Economic Research, 3717, 1-45.
  • Bernard, A. B. & Jones, C. I. (1996). Technology and Convergence, The Economic Journal, 106(437), 1037-1044.
  • Bhagwati, J. & Srinivasan, T. N. (2002). Trade and Poverty in the Poor Countries, The American Economic Review, 92(2), 180-183.
  • Borota, T. & Kutan, A. M. (2008). Regional Integration and Economic Growth: The Case of the European Union, The Journal of International Trade and Diplomacy, 2 (1), 93-113.
  • Dogan, N. & Saracoglu, B. (2007). Income Convergence of European Union and Candidate Countries: Are they all the Same?, International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 12, 160- 164.
  • Dollar, D. (1992). Outward-oriented Developing Countries Really do Growth more Rapidly: Evidence from 95 LDCs 1976-1985, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 39(1), 523-544.
  • Edwards, S. (1992). Trade Orientation, Distortions, and Growth in Developing Countries, Journal of Development Economics, 39 (1), 31-57.
  • Firgo, M. & Huber, P. (2013). Unconditional Convergence in Currency Unions: An Analysis of European Regions from 1991 to 2009, Socio-economic Sciences and Humanities Europe Moving Towards a New Path of Economic Growth and Social Development- Collaborative Project, 4, 1-45.
  • Frankel, J.A. & Romer, D. (1996). Does Trade Cause Growth?, American Economic Review, 89(3), 379-399.
  • Ghatak, S. & Wheatley-Price, S. (1996). Export Composition and Economic Growth: Cointegration and Causality Evidence for India, Review of World Economics, 133(3), 538-552.
  • Ghatak, S. & Li, H. (2006). Economic Growth and Convergence in China’s Provinces: Theory and Evidence, International Journal of Economic Research, 3(1), 1-15.
  • Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E. (1991). Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Henrekson, M, Torstensson, J. & Torstensson, R. (1997). Growth Effects of European Integration, European Economic Review, 41, 1537- 1557.
  • Juessen, F (2009). A Distribution Dynamics Approach to Regional GDP Convergence in Unified Germany, Empirical Economics, 37(3), 627- 652.
  • Kapetanios, G. & Pesaran, M.H. (2005). Alternative Approaches to Estimation and Inference in Large Multifactor Panels: Small Sample Results with an Application to Modelling of Asset Returns, Accessed: http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/dae/repec/cam/pdf/cwpe0520.pdf
  • Lee, K., Pesaran, M.H. & Smith, R. (1997). Growth and Convergence in a Multi-country Empirical Stochastic Solow Model, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 12(4), 357-392.
  • Levine, R. & Renelt, D. (1992). A Sensitivity Analysis of Cross-Country Growth Regressions, The American Economic Review, 82(4), 942- 963.
  • Nguyen, T. D. & Ezaki, M. (2005). Regional Economic Integration and its Impacts on Growth, Poverty and Income Distribution: The Case of Vietnam, (ARSC)/Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty. Ltd. Regional Science Conference
  • Pesaran, M.H. (2004). General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels, IZA Discussion Paper, 1240.
  • Pesaran, M.H. (2006). Estimation and Inference in Large Heterogeneous Panels with a Multifactor Error Structure, Econometrica, 74(4), 967-1012.
  • Pesaran, M.H. (2007). A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross-section Dependence, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
  • Pesaran, M.H. & Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels, Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 50-93.
  • Rivera-Batiz, L.A. & Romer, P.M. (1991). International Trade with Endogenous Technological Change, European Economic Review, 35(4), 971-1001.
  • Romer, D. (1993). Openness and Inflation: Theory and Evidence, The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 108(4), 869-903.
  • Saracoglu, B. & Dogan, N. (2005). Avrupa Birligi Ulkeleri ve Avrupa Birligi’ne Aday Ulkelerin Yakinsama Analizi (Convergence analysis of European Union countries and European Union candidate countries), 7th National Econometrics and Statistics Symposium, Turkey, Istanbul University, 26-27 May 2005.
  • Solow, R.M. (1956). A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65-94.
  • Vamvakidis, Athanasios (1998). Regional Integration and Economic Growth, The World Bank Economic Review, 12(2), 251-270.
  • Wacziarg, R. (2001). Measuring the Dynamic Gains from Trade, World Bank Economic Review, 15(3), 393-429.
  • Westerlund, J. (2007). Testing for Error Correction in Panel Data, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 69(6), 709-748.
  • Westerlund, J. (2008). Panel Cointegration Tests of the Fisher Effect, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 23(2), 193-233.
  • Willem te Velde, D. (2011). Regional Integration, Growth and Convergence, Journal of Economic Integration, 26(1), 1-28.
  • Yigit, M.T. & Kutan, A.M. (2007). European Integration, Productivity Growth and Real Convergence, European Economic Review, 51 (6), 1370-1395.