İbn Sînâ’nın Mâhiyet-Vücûd Ayrımının Dekonstrüksiyonu ve Vâcibu’l-Vücûd’un Mâhiyeti

İbn Sînâ’nın mâhiyet-vücûd ayrımını belirli epistemolojik düşüncelerle uyumlu bir şekilde tesis etmesi, kendinde mâhiyete dair özgün bir fikir geliştirmesini sağlamıştır. Bu fikir, bilginin geçerliliğine ve aslında imkanına dayanacak olan mantık ve bilim arasında bir köprü sağlamak için küllî ve cüz’î mâhiyetlerden ayrılır. Bununla birlikte bu aynı kavram, İbn Sînâ’nın meşhur tanımlaması Vâcibu’l-Vücûd ile ilgili birtakım sorunlar doğurmaktadır. Bunların yanı sıra, İbn Sînâ’nın Vâcibu’l-Vücûda bir mâhiyet verip vermeme hususundaki merak uyandıran tereddüdü, buna mütekabil yorumcuları onun metafiziğinin mâhiyetçi veya varoluşçu olarak anlaşılması konusunda ihtilafa düşürmüştür. Bu makale, Vâcibu’l-Vücûd ile ilgili problemlerin tabiatı itibariyle mevcut çerçevenin içinde kontrol edilemez olmasından dolayı görüşlerden hiçbirinin doğru olmadığını iddia etmektedir. Aksine, İbn Sînâ’nın kendinde mâhiyet kavramının tarafımızca yapılan dekonstrüktif eleştirisi ve müteakip revizyonları, mantık ve bilim arasında köprü olmayı sürdürürken Vâcibu’l-Vücûd konusuna bir çözüm getirecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Mahiyet, Varlık, Tanrı, Külli, Cüz'i, İbn Sina, Vacibu'l-Vücud

Deconstruction of Ibn Sīnā’s Essence-Existence Distinction and the Essence of the Necessary Existent

Ibn Sīnā’s establishment of the distinction between essence and existence in line with certain epistemological considerations led him to advance the novel idea of an essence-in-itself. This is distinguished from universal and particular essences in order to provide a bridge between logic and science that will ground the validity and, indeed, possibility of knowledge. However, this same concept poses a number of problems regarding Ibn Sīnā’s famous identification of the Necessary Existent. Among other things, Ibn Sīnā’s intriguing hesitation on whether to grant the Necessary Existent an essence or not has split commentators vis-à-vis essentialist and existentialist readings of his metaphysics. This paper argues that neither position is correct as the problems associated with the Necessary Existent are inherently intractable from within the current framework. Rather, upon deconstructive criticism and consequent revisions of Ibn Sīnā’s concept of the essence-in-itself, a resolution to the matter of the Necessary Existent is permitted while maintaining the bridge between logic and science.

Keywords:

Essence, Existence, God, Universal, Particular, Ibn Sina, Necessary existent,

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