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Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Kimlik Gelişimi: Kimlik Statülerinin Sosyal Sermaye ve Kimlik Sermayesi ile Olan İlişkisi

Anahtar Kelimeler:

beliren yetişkinlik, kimlik statüleri, sosyal sermaye, kimlik sermayesi, kimlik gelişimi.

Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Kimlik Gelişimi: Kimlik Statülerinin Sosyal Sermaye ve Kimlik Sermayesi ile Olan İlişkisi

Bu araştırmada, beliren yetişkinlik dönemindeki üniversite öğrencilerinin kimlik statüleri onların sosyal ve kimlik sermayeleri ile olan ilişkileri çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini Türkiye'nin altı farklı üniversitesinde okuyan toplam 985 (511 kız- 474 erkek) öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların yaş ranjı 17.7 ile 27 arasında değişmekte olup yaş ortalaması 21.7'dir. Araştırmada, Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek, Çok Boyutlu Etkin Kişilik, Kendi Kendini Belirleme, Ebeveyne Yönelik Algılar ve Ego Kimlik Statüleri Ölçekleri ile Öğrenme Ortamı Anketi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular bu örneklemdeki üç farklı kimlik statüsünün (başarılı, erken bağlanmış ve kararsız) sosyal sermaye ve kimlik sermayesi bağımlı ölçümleri üzerinde temel etkiye sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Başarılı statüdeki gençler hem güven duygusu, arkadaş çevresi ve diğer insanlardan algılanan sosyal destek, ailesel sıcaklık ve destek, öğretim üyelerinden algılanan özerklik desteği gibi sosyal sermaye değişkenleri yönünden, hem de benlik saygısı ve yaşamda amaçlılık gibi kimlik sermayesi değişkenleri açısından en avantajlı grupta yer almışlardır. Erken bağlanmışlar ise kimi sosyal sermaye değişkenleri yönünden başarılı gruptan anlamlı olarak farklılaşmamakla beraber, kimlik sermayesi değişkenleri açısından başarılı statüdeki gruptan daha düşük puanlar elde etmişlerdir. Kararsız statüdeki gençler ise hem sahip oldukları sosyal sermaye hem de kimlik sermayesi kaynakları açısından en dezavantajlı konumdadırlar. Araştırma bulguları, kimlik gelişimi alanındaki bulgular doğrultusunda tartışılmıştır.Anahtar Sözcükler: beliren yetişkinlik, kimlik statüleri, sosyal sermaye, kimlik sermayesi, kimlik gelişimi.Identity Development of University Students: The relationships Among Identity Status, Social Capital, and Identity CapitalIn this research university student emerging adults' identity statuses and its relationships with their social and identity capitals were investigated. The sample of this study consisted of 985 (511 female, 474 male) students from six different Turkish Universities. Their mean age was 21.7 (range = 17.7 to 27 years). Measurements were Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, The Multimeasure Agentic Personality Scale, Self-Determination Scale, Perceptions of Parents Scale, The Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status (EOM-EIS-2), and The Learning Climate Questionnaire. Results showed that identity status had main effect on social and identity capital dependent variables. The participants in achieved status had highest scores in social capital resources like trust belief, friends', significant others', and family's social support, lecturer's autonomy support, mothers' warmth, involvement, and autonomy support. Besides, they had highest identity capital resources like self-esteem, and purpose in life. Foreclosed status participants were not so disadvantageous in social capital resources but they had lower scores on identity capital resources compared to their peers in achieved status. Moratorium status emerging adults were the most disadvantageous group in attaining social and identity capital resources among those three groups. Finding were discussed in terms of identity development research literature.Keywords: emerging adulthood, identity status, social capital, identity capital, identity development.

Keywords:

Emerging Adulthood, Identity Status, Social Capital, Identity Capital, Identity Development,

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