Normal Beyin Gelişimi Gösteren Çocuklarda Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (BT) Taraması İle Kranial İndeksin Belirlenmesi: Retrospektif Bir Çalışma

Amaç: Kranial endeksin belirlenmesi çocuklarda kafatası büyümesi ve gelişiminin belirlenmesinde klinik bir öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada Nijerya’da Usmanu Danfodiyo üniversitesi Sokoto araştırma hastanesi radyoloji bölümüne başvuran çocukların bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) taraması ile kranial endeksleri belirlenmiştir. Materyal ve Metod: Normal beyin gelişimine sahip 76 çocuğun (42 erkek ve 34 kız) BT taraması bu retrospektif çalışma için kullanılmıştır. Kranial uzunluk ve kraniyal genişlik aksiyal BT’de ölçülmüş, kraniyal indeks, kraniyal genişliğin kraniyal uzunluğa oranının 100 ile çarpılması ile hesaplanmıştır. Kranial uzunluk, kraniyal genişlik, kranial indeks’in ortalama değerleri ve ortalamanın standart sapma ve standart hata değerleri her iki cinsiyet için hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular: Kranial uzunluk için ortalama değer 16.45±1.01, kranial genişlik için ortalama değer 13.01±0.94 ve kranial indeks için ortalama değer 79.12±3.37 olarak bulunmuştur. Kranial indeks erkeklerde 78.35±3.23, kızlarda 80.08±3.34 olarak saptanmıştır. Böylece bu çalışmada kranial indeks değerlerine göre kafa modellerini sınıflandırılmıştır, çocukların Araştırma Makalesi / Research Article 239 Musa and Danfulani Cukurova Medical Journal %55.26’sı mesosefalik kafa, %28.95’i ise brakisefaliye sahiptir. Dolikosefali ve hiperbrakisefalinin her birinin frekansı %7.89’dur. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada rapor edilen kranial indekse göre çocukların büyük kısmı mesosefalik kafa şekline (%55.26), daha az yaygın olarak da Dolikosefali (%7.89) ve hiperbrakisefaliye (%7.89) sahiptir. Erkek ve kızlarda ortalama kranial indeks değerleri arasında gözlenen farklılık istatistiki olarak anlamlıdır (p=0.025). Bu çalışmanın sonucu, pediatrik nöroloji, antropoloji aynı zamanda genetik ve adli tıp bakımından önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kranial indeks, bilgisayarlı tomografi, çocuklar

Cranial Index Determination Using Computed Tomography (CT) Scans of Children with Normal Brain Development: A Retrospective Study.

Purpose: Cranial Index (CI) determination is of clinical significance in the evaluation of skull growth and development in children. This study investigated cranial index in computed tomography (CT) scans of children seen in the Radiology Department of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of CT scan records of 76 children (42 males and 34 females) with normal brain development were used for this retrospective study. The cranial length (CL) and cranial width (CW) were measured on the axial CT and cranial index calculated as the percentage of cranial width to cranial length multiplied by 100. Mean values of CL, CW, CI as well as standard deviations and standard error of mean were calculated for both sexes. Results: The overall mean values for cranial length was 16.45±1.01, cranial width 13.01±0.94 and CI was 79.12±3.37. Meanwhile in males, the CI was 78.35±3.23 and 80.08±3.34 in females respectively. Thus, classifying head patterns based on the CI values seen in this study, 55.26% of the children had mesocephalic head shape and 28.95% had brachycephaly. Dolicocephaly and hyperbrachycephaly had a frequency of 7.89% each. Conclusion: Cranial Index (CI) reported in this study showed that most of the children had mesocephalic head shape (55.26%) with dolicocephaly (7.89%) and brachycephaly (7.89%) less common. The observed difference between the mean cranial index of males and females was statistically significant (p = 0.025). The report from this study is of importance in the field of pediatric neurology, anthropology as well as genetics and forensic medicine.

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