Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde Yabancı Banka Uyum Sorunları: Yazılı Anlaşmalar Üzerine Bir İçerik Analizi

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde (ABD) yabancı bankaların faaliyetleri üzerinde etkili olan yasal ve düzenleyici çevreyi ortaya koymak ve bu bankaların karşılaştığı yaptırım türleri üzerinden bu sektörde faaliyet gösteren bankalara uyum sürecinde yol gösterici bir çerçeve oluşturmaktır. Bu kapsamda çalışmada ABD bankacılık sektörü düzenleyicilerine ve uygulanmakta olan yaptırımlara yer verilmiş ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Merkez Bankası’nın (FED) 2009-2018 yılları arasında yabancı bankalarla yaptığı yazılı anlaşmalar (written agreements) üzerinden içerik analizine gidilmiştir. Analiz, ABD düzenleyicilerinin, yabancı bankalardan özellikle terörün finansmanı, kara paranın aklanması ve işlem kaynağının zor tespiti gibi sorunlara yönelik politika ve uygulama taleplerinin bulunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma sonucuna göre ABD’de faaliyet gösteren bankalar, gelişmiş bilgi teknolojileri ile desteklenmiş bir biçimde bankacılık işlemleri ve müşteriler için istihbarat toplama sistemleri oluşturmalı, her bir işlemi potansiyel risk düzeyine göre irdelemeli ve istihbarat ve risk değerlendirme sistemini sürekli olarak değerlendirip güncellemelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

ABD Bankacılık Sektörü, Düzenleyici Otoriteleri, Yazılı Anlaşmalar, İçerik Analizi, Banka Düzenlemesi

Foreign Bank Organization Complience Problems In Us: A Content Analysis On Written Agreements

The aim of this paper is to present legal and regulatory enviroment that affects US foreign banks’ activities and constitute an advisory framework for foreign banks in complience process that operate in US by analysing enforcement actions on banking sector. In this context, it is given wide coverage to US banking sector regulatory bodies and enforcement actions and content analysis on FED’s written agreements with foreign banks between 2009-2018 years are conducted. According to the results, US regulators demands,policies and measures for preventing terrorism financing, anti-money laundering and tracking international financial transactions from foreign banking organizations. Foreign banking organizations (FBOs) should establish customer due-dilligence systems that are supported with developed IT systems; investigate each financial transaction according to potential risk level and review and update customer due-dilligence and financial acticity monitoring systems regularly.

Keywords:

US Banking Sector, Regulatory Bodies, Written Agreements, Content Analysis, Bank Regulation,

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