Bangladeş Dakka Metropolündeki Gündelik İşçilerin Geçim Stratejisi Olarak Sosyal Ağ

Sosyal sermaye ile oluşturulan geçim çeşitliliği, gündelik ücretle çalışan işçi ve kırsal-kentsel göç çalışmalarına odaklanan çoğu araştırmacı, politikacı ve sosyal bilimciler tarafından birçok anlamda göz ardı edilmiştir. Zenginlik sahibi insanlar büyüme stratejileri ile geçim kaynaklarını çeşitlendirebilir. Fakat çoğunlukla herhangi bir toprak sahibi olmayan, kayıt dışı ekonomik sektörlerde çalışan gündelik işçiler veya amelelik ile uğraşan işçiler gibi yoksul insanlar, mevcut yoksulluğu azaltma stratejileri kapsamında geçim kaynaklarını iyileştirememektirler. Çeşitli sosyal sermaye, ilişki ve ağlar kullanarak bu insanlar her zaman aynı ekonomik sistemde geçim kaynaklarını çeşitlendirmek için fırsatlar aramaktalar. Geçim kaynaklarının çeşitliliği dinamiğine odaklanan bu çalışma, kentlerdeki yaşayan amelelik ile uğraşan işçilerin günümüzdeki durumunun daha iyi analiz edilebileceğine odaklanmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, Bangladeş’in başkenti Dakka’da yaşayan gündelik çalışan işçilerin yaşam stratejisinin daha dinamik yönlerine ışık tutmaktır. Bu amaçla etnografik verileri ve vaka çalışmalarını kullanarak yapılan bu araştırma, sosyal ağ ve sosyal sermayenin yardımıyla hayatta kalmak için yapılan birikimden, yoksulluktan kurtulma sürecine kadar oluşan geçim kaynaklarının çeşitliliğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Sosyal kapital, Kırsal-kentsel göç, Geçim, Gündelik işçi, Dakka, Bangladeş

Social network as livelihood strategy of floating labourers of Dhaka Metropolitan, Bangladesh

Livelihood diversification using social capital in the sense has been overlooked by most of the researchers, policy makers and social scientists in the study of urban wage labour and rural-urban migration. The rich people can diversify their livelihoods through growth strategies; however, poorer people who are mostly landless, involved with informal economic sector, day labourer or floating labourer cannot improve their livelihood under existing poverty reduction strategies. They are always looking for opportunities to diversify their livelihoods in the same economic system by using various social capital, relation and networks. Focusing on dynamic of livelihoods diversification, the study focuses that, the current situation of urban floating labourer can be better analysed. The main aim of the paper was to shed light on more dynamic aspects of livelihoods strategy of urban daily based wage labourer of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. Using ethnographic data and case studies, hence, this paper has interpreted the process of getting out of poverty as livelihood diversification using social network and social capital, from survival to accumulation.

Keywords:

Social capital, Rural-urban migration, Livelihood, Floating labourer, Dhaka, Bangladesh,

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