Feminist Kristoloji Bağlamında Yeni Ahit Metinlerindeki Kadınların Konumu ve Rolü

Kristoloji, İsa Mesih’in kişiliğini, tabiatını ve mesajını doktrinel anlamda inceleyen teoloji disiplinidir. Çağdaş dönemde feminist kristoloji Yeni Ahit’te Tanrı imajının erkek “Baba” olmasından hareketle tanrının eril yorumuna “Tanrı, neden daima erkek olmak zorundadır?” şeklinde bir eleştiri getirir. Şüphesiz İsa Mesih’in yakın çevresinde kadınlar da yer almıştır. Yeni Ahit metinlerinde ismi geçen kadınlar arasında öncelikle İsa Mesih’in annesi Meryem ve Mecdelli (Magdalalı) Meryem gelmektedir. Ancak, Yeni Ahit metinlerinde bahsedilen kadınlar bunlarla sınırlı değildir. İsa’nın yakın çevresinde olan ve hizmetkârlar olarak da anılan kadınlar İsa’nın tebliğ faaliyeti boyunca onun hep yanında olmuşlardır. Çünkü İsa, kadın erkek ayırmaksızın toplumun her kesiminden kişilerle konuşarak, yemek yiyerek ve gezerek zaman geçirmekteydi. İncillere göre; çarmıh sonrası İsa’nın mezarını ziyarete giden ve mezarın boş olduğunu görenler kadınlardır. İsa’nın havari olarak seçtiği on iki kişi arasında kadın bulunmaması, Katolik Kilise’nin kadınları dışlayıcı tavrı ve Ortaçağ Avrupası'nda kadınların yakılmasına varan düşmanca eylemler modern çağda feminist teolojinin ortaya çıkışını hızlandırmıştır. Hristiyan teolojisinin kadını asli günahın bir parçası ve kötülüğün kaynağı olarak görmesi, liberal teologlar ve feministler tarafından eleştirilmesine neden olmuştur. Özellikle 1960’larda artan feminist hareketlerin etkisinde feminist kristoloji ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Yeni Ahit metinlerinde ismi geçen kadınların kimler olduğu, İsa Mesih’in tebliğ faaliyetinde kadınların üstlendiği roller ve İsa’nın kadınlara olan yaklaşımı feminist kristoloji bağlamında incelenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Feminizm, Kristoloji, Yeni Ahit, İsa Mesih, kadın

The Role and the Status of Women in New Testament Texts in the Context of Feminist Christology

Christology is the discipline of theology that examines the personality, nature and message of Jesus Christ in a doctrinal sense. The feminist Christology in the modern era, based on the fact that the image of God in the New Testament is the male "father", brings a criticism of the masculine interpretation of God as "God must not always be a man?" There is no doubt that women were also in the immediate vicinity of Jesus Christ. Among the women mentioned in the New Testament texts are Virgin Mary who the mother of Jesus Christ and Mary Magdalene. However, women mentioned in the New Testament texts are not limited to these. The women who were in the close vicinity of Jesus and who were the servants are always in favor of Jesus throughout the course of his activities. Because Jesus was talking to people from all walks of society, eating without separating women. In fact, according to the gospels, Jesus was the first witnesses of the empty tomb three days after the crucifixion. However, the lack of women among the twelve whom Jesus had chosen as the apostle, the attitude of the Catholic Church to the outside of women, and the hostile attitude to the burning of women in Medieval Europe led to feminist movements in modern times. Moreover, Christian theology were criticized by liberal theologians and feminists because of women were part of the original sin and the source of evil. Feminist Christology emerged in theology as a result of the feminist movements in the 1960s. In this study, the roles of women in the New Testament texts, the status of women in the communication activity and historical life of Jesus Christ, and the approach of Jesus towards women will be examined in the context of feminist Christology. In this study, where we examine both the positions and roles of women in the New Testament, women have important roles in Jesus' activities in the Galilee region and in Jerusalem. First of all, In the Jewish tradition, where masculinity is an honor and femininity is a shame, the fact that Jesus communicates, heals, and allows twelve apostles of men to travel, regardless of whether or not Jesus is Jewish is contrary to the sexist approach in the current Jewish tradition. Secondly, the miraculous birth of Jesus 'mother, Mary, is one of the most faithful followers of Mary Magdalene, and is the first witness after the resurrection to deliver Jesus' message to the apostles (John 20:18). It is valuable and meaningful for feminist theology that women both serve in the service of the church like men in the example of Mary Magdalene and engage in worldly works in the case of Lazar's sister Marta. Because, for feminist theology, a free woman who expresses herself as an indicator that women are not excluded is the desired goal. It is an indication that Jesus has an understanding that glorifies women, both in addressing women in communal activities and in an inclusive approach that is far from a sexist attitude in their social relations.

Keywords:

Feminism, Christology, New Testament, Jesus Christ, Woman,

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