Seçilmiş Avrupa Birliği Ülkelerinde Yenilenebilir Enerjinin GSYH Üzerine Etkisi: Cobb-Douglas Üretim Fonksiyonu Yaklaşımı

Emek ve sermaye gibi geleneksel üretim faktörlerinin yanı sıra üretim sürecinde kullanılan girdilerden biri de enerjidir. Üretim sürecinde fosil içerikli enerji kaynaklarının kullanımı daha yaygın olsa da sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın sağlanmasında yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının önemi de giderek artmaktadır. Dünyada birçok ülkede olduğu gibi, Avrupa Birliği (AB) ülkelerinde de toplam enerji tüketimi içerisinde yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının payı oldukça yüksektir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yenilenebilir enerjinin toplam enerji tüketimi içerisinde payı yüksek olan 12 AB ülkesinde emek, sermaye, yenilenebilir enerjinin çıktı esneklik katsayılarını Cobb-Douglas üretim fonksiyonu yaklaşımı ile araştırmaktır. Çalışmada bu ülkelerin 2000-2017 dönemine ilişkin Gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla (GSYH), emek, sermaye ve yenilenebilir enerji verilerinden yararlanılarak genelleştirilmiş momentler yöntemi-dinamik panel veri analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda tahmin edilen Cobb-Douglas üretim fonksiyonunda çıktı esneklik katsayısı 1,147 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu durum, emek, sermaye ve yenilenebilir enerjide ortaya çıkan %1'lik bir artışın, GSYH'yı sırasıyla %0,598, %0,456 ve %0,093 oranında arttırdığını ifade etmektedir. Elde edilen bulgulardan GSYH ile açıklayıcı değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı olduğu ve ekonomik açıdan da değişkenler arasında pozitif bir ilişkinin bulunduğu anlaşılmaktadır.

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