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Ticari Serbestliğin Çevre Kirliliği Üzerine Etkisi: OECD Ülkeleri İçin Panel Veri Analizi

Bu çalışma, ticari serbestliğin çevre kirliliği üzerindeki etkisini, altı farklı kirlilik göstergesi için, statik ve dinamik panel veri analizleri ile araştırmaktadır. Statik analizlere yönelik olarak sabit ve rassal etkiler modelleri, dinamik analizlere yönelik olarak ise, Arellano ve Bond (1991) tarafından geliştirilen Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Metodu (GMM) uygulanmıştır. Çalışmaya dahil edilen kirlilik göstergelerinden dört tanesi için (sülfür oksit-SOx, nitrojen oksit-NOx, karbon oksit-COx ve metan içermeyen uçucu organik bileşik-VOC) analizler, 31 OECD ülkesi ve 1995-2015 yıllık dönemleri kapsamaktadır. Diğer taraftan, geriye kalan iki kirlilik göstergesi için (partiküller madde-PM10 ve 2.5 mikrondan küçük partiküller madde-PM2.5) analizler ise, 26 OECD ülkesi ve 2000-2015 yıllık dönemleri kapsamaktadır. Üç farklı test yönteminden elde edilen analiz sonuçları, OECD ülkelerinde ticari serbestliğin çevre kirliliği üzerinde negatif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı sonuçlara sahip olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Bu durum, gelir seviyesi nispi olarak yüksek olan OECD ülke vatandaşlarının, çevresel kalite ve düzenlemelere verdikleri önemini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ticari Serbestlik, Çevre Kirliliği, Sabit ve Rassal Etkiler Model, Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Metodu, OECD Ülkeleri

The Effect of Trade Liberalization on Environmental Pollution: The Panel Data Analysis for OECD Countries

This study investigates the impact of trade liberalization on environmental pollution through static and dynamic panel data analyses for six pollution indicators. Fixed and random effect models were applied for static analyses, while the Generalized Moments Method (GMM), which was developed by Arellano and Bond (1991), was applied for dynamic analysis. The analyses for four pollution indicators (include sulfur oxides-SOx, nitrogen oxides-NOx, carbon oxides-COx and non-methane volatile organic compounds-VOCs) cover the years of 1995-2015 for 31 OECD countries. On the other hand, the analyses for the remaining two pollution indicators (particulates-PM10 and particulates-PM2.5) cover the years of 2000-2015 for 26 OECD countries. The results indicate that trade liberalization in OECD countries has negative and statistically significant effects on environmental pollution. This demonstrates the importance of environmental quality and regulations for OECD citizens whose income level is relatively high.

Keywords:

Trade Liberalization, Environmental Pollution, Fixed and Random Effects Model, Generalized Moments Method, OECD Countries,

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