Egemen Kalkınma Düşüncelerinin Neoliberalist Politikalar Ekseninde Eleştirisi

Bu çalışmada ulusal ve uluslararası boyutuyla ülkelerin kabul ettikleri veya kendilerine dayatılmış olan kalkınma politikalarının uygulanabilirliği ve verimliliği incelenerek, egemen kalkınma kavramının neden reddedilmesi gerektiği açıklanacaktır. Kalkınma salt ekonomik bir kavram olarak görülmüş ve sosyal boyutları göz ardı edilerek Dünya Bankası, IMF gibi uluslararası kuruluşlar tarafından iktisadi kriterler vasıtasıyla yetersiz değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Başlangıçta iktisadi büyüme ve kalkınma birbirine eşdeğer kavramlar olarak kullanılmış fakat sonrasında doğru orantılı dahi olmadıkları belirlenmiştir. Bu süreçte Dünya Bankası, IMF gibi kurumların stratejileri doğrultusunda kalkınmak isteyen devletler de uygulanan kalkınma politikalarının ekonomik ve sosyal maliyetlerine katlanmak zorunda kalmışlardır. Tüm başarısız kalkınma girişimlerinde hükümetler hatalı görülmüş ve bu hususta sürekli etkisini arttıran neoliberal politikalar genellikle daha az sorgulanmıştır. Bu sebeple, neoliberal iktisadi düşünceler ekseninde iktisadi bir sistem analizi de genel eleştrilerin beraberinde yer alacaktır. Yapılan kalkınma hamlelerine rağmen yoksulluk probleminin ortadan kaldırılamadığı ve hatta her gün on binlerce insanın açlık sebebiyle hayatını kaybettiği gerçeği kalkınma kavramının yetersizliğini ve bu kavramın reddinin gerekliliğini teyit etmektedir. Bu noktada, insan ihtiyaçlarını beslenme, barınma ve giyinme ile sınırlayan dar görüşün yerine, Amartya Sen’in kapasite yaklaşımı da çalışma içerisinde incelenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kalkınmanın Reddi, Neoliberalizm, Kaynakların Etkin Dağılımı, Dünya Ticaret Örgütü ve Uluslararası Para Fonu Politikaları, Yoksulluk

A Critique of Dominant Development Tendency in the Context of Neoliberal Policies

This study is to explain why the dominant concept of development should be rejected by examining their feasibility and applicability at national and international scale. Development was regarded as a pure economic concept and its social dimensions were ignored. Hence, insufficient evaluations were made by International Organizations, such as the World Bank and the IMF through economic criteria. Formerly, economic growth and development have been used as concepts equivalent to each other even if there is no positive correlation between them. Failure of development attempts were seen as a failure of government, and neoliberal policies that have been always influential on this issue were not questioned enough. Therefore, an economic system analysis will also be included with general criticism. The problem of poverty and the fact that there are still a lot of people who died in hunger confirms the inadequacy of development concept and the necessity of rejecting this notion. Correspondingly, instead of the narrow view that limits human needs to nutrition, shelter and clothing, the capability approach of Amartya Sen will be examined in the article.

Keywords:

Refutation of development, Neoliberalism, Efficient Distribution of Resources, Politics of World Trade Organization and International Monetary Fund’s, Poverty,

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