HEMŞİRELERİN ÖLÜM ALGISININ VE ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLERİN İNCELENMESİ

ÖZET Amaç: Bu araştırma, hemşirelerin ölüm algısını ve bunu etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarak planlamıştır. Yöntem: Araştırma, Mayıs–Ağustos 2010 tarihleri arasında Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi’nde terminal dönemdeki hastalarla çalışan 112 hemşire ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından literatür ışığında hazırlanmış bireysel tanıtım formu ve ölüm algısı anketi kullanılmıştır. Veriler bilgisayar ortamında tanımlayıcı analiz ve ki-kare kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan hemşirelerin yaş ortalamasının 26.59±2.34, %71.3’ünün 22-27 yaş grupları arasında, %65’i lisans mezunu, %72.3’ünün 5-10 yıldır çalıştığı, %82.3’ünün ölümle ilgili eğitim almadığı, %60.3’ünün ölüm haberini doktorun vermesi gerektiğini düşündüğü, %72.5’inin meslek hayatında ilk kez ölümle karşılaştığında üzüntü ve korku hissetikleri saptanmıştır. Ölümü kabul edilmesi gereken zorlu süreç olarak nitelendiren hemşirelerin çoğunluğunun yaş ortalaması 28.4±3.4, evli, lisans mezunu olduğu, geniş ailede yaşadığı, 11-16 yıldır hemşirelik yaptığı, onkoloji servisinde çalıştığı, ölümle ilgili eğitim aldığı, ölüm olgusuyla sık sık karşılaştığı, birinci derece yakınını kaybettiği, ölüm olayını kolay kabul ettiği saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Yaşam sonu dönemde hastaya bakım veren hemşirelerin çoğu ölümü kabul edilmesi gereken bir zorunluluk olarak nitelendirmektedirler. Hemşirelik eğitimi programlarında yaşam sonu bakım ve ölüm konularına yer verilmelidir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ölüm; ölüm algısı; hemşire; ölümcül hasta. ABSTRACT Examination Perception Death and Affecting Factors of Nursing Objective: This study planned was a descriptive study to assess the factors affecting nurses and the perception of death. Method: This research, May-August 2010 between in the Ege University Medical Faculty Hospital 112 nurses who were working in deadly patient. Data collection tool prepared according to the literature by researchers individual identification form and death of perception form survey were used. Data was evaluated using descriptive and chi-square analysis in computer. Result: It was found that nurses participating in the study’ mean age of 26.59 ± 2.34, 71.3% age groups 22-27, 65% undergraduate, 72.3% worked 5-10 years, 82.3% 'received not educated about death,% 60.3 think that should give the doctor the news of death, 72.5% feel sadness and fear were faced with death for the first time in professional life. Describing the death should be regarded as arduous process found that mean age of the majority of the nurses was 28.4 ± 3.4, married, undergraduate, which is lived in a large family, working for 11-16 years, working oncology service, received training about death, often encountered with death phenomenon, lost first degree family, death event was easily accepted. Conclusion: Most of the nurses taking care of patients during the end of life should be regarded as a necessity and refer to the death. It should be given to end of life care and death matter in nursing education program. Keywords: Death; death perception; nurse; deadly patient.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ölüm; ölüm algısı; hemşire; ölümcül hasta

Examination Perception Death and Affecting Factors of Nursing Objective: This study planned was a descriptive study to assess the factors affecting nurses and the perception of death. Method: This research, May-August 2010 between in the Ege University Medical Faculty Hospital 112 nurses who were working in deadly patient. Data collection tool prepared according to the literature by researchers individual identification form and death of perception form survey were used. Data was evaluated using descriptive and chi-square analysis in computer. Result: It was found that nurses participating in the study’ mean age of 26.59 ± 2.34, 71.3% age groups 22-27, 65% undergraduate, 72.3% worked 5-10 years, 82.3% 'received not educated about death,% 60.3 think that should give the doctor the news of death, 72.5% feel sadness and fear were faced with death for the first time in professional life. Describing the death should be regarded as arduous process found that mean age of the majority of the nurses was 28.4 ± 3.4, married, undergraduate, which is lived in a large family, working for 1116 years, working oncology service, received training about death, often encountered with death phenomenon, lost first degree family, death event was easily accepted. Conclusion: Most of the nurses taking care of patients during the end of life should be regarded as a necessity and refer to the death.It should be given to end of life care and death matter in nursing education program

Keywords:

Death; death perception; nurse; deadly patient,

PDF

___

Baltaglia B. Cultural views on death and dying, part 2. Cross Cultural Connection. 1997; 3(2):1-3.
Beck CT. Nursing students’ experiences caring for dying patients. Journal of Nursing Education 1997; 36 (9): 408-15.
Beckstrand RL, Kirchoff KT. Providing end of life care to patients: critical care nurses’ perceived obstacles and supportive behaviors. American Journal of Critical Care 2005; 14 (5): 395-403.
Benner P, Kerchner S, Corless IB, Davies B. Attending death as a human passage: core nursing principles for end-of-life care. American Journal of Critical Care 2003;12 (6): 558-61.
Bramsted KA. Resisting the blame game: visualizing the high cost of dying and accepting the duty of technology stewardship for all patient populations. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 2001; 33(3): 53-9.
Breitbart W, Gibson C, Poppito S, Berg A. Psychotherapeutic interventions at the end of life: A focus on meaning and spirituality. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 2004; 49 (6): 366-72.
Cherlin E, Schulman-Green D, McCorkle R, Johnson-Hurzeler R, Bradley E. Family perceptions of clinicians’ outstanding practices in end-of-life care. J Palliat Care 2004; (20):113-6.
Ciccarello GP. Strategies to improve end-of-life care in the intensive care unit. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing 2003; 22(5): 216-22.
Cimete G. Yaşam Sonu Bakım, Ölümcül Hastalarda Bütüncül Bakım. İstanbul, Nobel, 2002: 1-20.
Coolican MB, Stark J, Doka KJ, Corr CA. Education about death, dying, and bereavement in nursing programs. Nurse Educator 1994; 19 (6): 35- 40.
Cooper J, Barnett M. Aspects of caring for dying patients which cause anxiety to first year students nurses. International Journal of Palliative Nursing 2005;11(8): 423-30.
Costello J. Nursing older dying patients: Findings from an ethnographic study of death and dying in elderly care wards. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2001; 35 (1): 59-68.
Cramer LD, McCorkle R, Cherlin E, JohnsonHurzeler R, Bradley EH. Nurses’ attitudes and practice related to hospice care. Clinical Scholarship 2003; 35(3): 249-55.
De Araujo MMT, da Silva MJP. Nursing the dying: Essential elements in the care of terminally ill patients. International Nursing Reviews 2004;(51): 149-58.
Dik A. “Terminal Dönem Hasyata Yaklaşım” Hemşirelik Forumu, Temmuz- Ağustos; 2005;2(1):59-60.
Dunn KS, Otten C, Stephens E. Nursing experience and the care of dying patients. Oncology Nursing Forum 2005;32 (1):97-104.
Faas AI. A personal reflection, the intimacy of dying: An act of presence. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing 2004;23 (4):176-8.
Field D,Wee B. Preparation for palliative care: Teaching about death, dying and bereavement in UK medical schools 2000-2001. Medical Education 2002;36(2): 561- 7.
Flory J, Young-Xu Y, Gurol I, Levinsky N. Trends: Place of death: US trends since 1980. Health Affairs 2004;23 (3): 194-201.
Forbes MA, Rosdahl DR. The final journey of life. Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing 2003;5 (4): 213-20.
Hopkinson JB, Hallett CE, Luker KA. Caring for dying people in hospital. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2003;44(5): 525-33.
Johansson N, Lally T. Effectiveness of a deatheducation program in reducing death anxiety of nursing students. Omega: Journal of Death & Dying 1991; 22(1): 25-33.
Johnston B, Smith LN. Nurses’ and patients’ perceptions of expert palliative nursing care. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2006;54(6): 700-9.
Kaye J, Gracely E, Loscalzo G. Changes in students’ attitudes following a 152 course on death and dying: a controlled comparison. Journal of Cancer Education 1994;9 (2): 77-81.
Keser ÖN. “Ölüm ve Ölümü Yaklaşan Bireyin Bakımı”, Temel Hemşirelik, Kavramlar, İlkeler, Uygulamalar. Ed: Fatma Akça Ay. 2. Baskı. Medikal Yayıncılık, İstanbul.2007.p.50-54.
Keskin GU. Ölmekte Olan Hastaya Kognitif Davranışsal Hemşirelik Yaklaşımı. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2005;21(2):125–34.
Kim S, Lee Y. Korean nurses’ attitudes to good and bad death, life- sustaining treatment and advance directives. Nursing Ethics 2003;10 (6): 624-37.
Koç Z, Sağlam Z. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin yaşam sonu bakım ve ölüm durumuna ilişkin duygu ve görüşlerinin belirlenmesi. Cumhuriyet Univ. Hemsirelik Yuksekokulu Dergisi 2008;12(1):26-32.
Kübler-Ross E. Sorular ve Cevaplarla Yaşamın Son Günleri, Çev. Ed. G. Terakye, Hürbilek Matbaacılık, Ankara.1995;12-7.
Mallory JL. The impact of a palliative care educational component on attitudes toward care of the dying in undergraduate nursing students. Journal of Professional Nursing 2003;19(5): 305-12.
Okyayuz U. “Ölüm ve Ölümcül Hastalık”, Kriz Dergisi 1995;3(1-2): 185-9.
Öz F. “Kayıp, Ölüm ve Yas Süreci”, Sağlık Alanında Temel Kavramlar, Ankara. 2004;9-13.
Payne SA, Dean SJ, Kalus C. A comparative study of death anxiety in hospice and emergency nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing 1998;28 (4):700-6.
Peykerli G. “Ölümcül Hastalıklara Psikolojik Yaklaşım”, Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 2003;25(4 Özel ek): 62-5.
Roman EM, Sorribes E, Ezquerro O. Nurses’ attitudes to terminally ill patients. J Adv Nurs 2001; 34 (3):338-45.
Samaroo B. Assessing palliative care educational needs of physicians and nurses: Results of a survey. Journal of Palliative Care 1996;12(2):20-2.
Tilden VP, Tolle SW, Drach LL, Perrin NA. Outof-hospital death: Advance care planning, decedent symptoms, and caregiver burden. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2004;52(4): 532-9.
Ünal KG. “Ölmekte Olan Hastaya Kognitif Davranışsal Hemşirelik Yaklaşımı”, Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2005;21(2): 125-34.
Wass HA. Perspective on the current state of death education. Death Stud 2004; 28:289-308.
Wendt A. End-of-life competencies and the NCLEXRN examination. Nursing Outlook 2001;49(3): 138- 41.
White KR, Coyne PJ, Patel UB. Are nurses adequately prepared for end-of-life care? Journal of Nursing Scholarship 2003;33 (2):147-51.