ORTA ASYA'DA BULUNAN RUS ASKERİ VARLIĞININ RUSYA'NIN BÖLGESEL GÜVENLİĞİ AÇISINDAN ÖNEMİ

Bu çalışmada, Rusya'nın Orta Asya'daki askeri varlığının, Rus bölgesel güvenliği açısından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bunun için Orta Asya'nın Rusya'nın güvenliği açısından önemi, bölgesel güvenlik problemleriyle birlikte ele alınacaktır. Sovyetler Birliği'nin yıkılmasından sonra, Rusya'nın Orta Asya politikası özellikle ABD'nin 2011 yılında Afganistan'a askeri müdahalesinden sonra güvenlik sorunları etrafında şekillenmiştir. Rusya'nın Orta Asya devletleriyle güvenlik temelinde geliştirmiş olduğu çok taraflı askeri-güvenlik ilişkileri anlamak için, meselenin iki gruba ayrılması gerekmektedir. Bunlar; Rusya'nın Orta Asya'daki askeri üsleri ve Rusya'nın önderliğinde kurulan çok taraflı organizasyonlardır: Bağımsız Devletler Topluluğu ve bu örgütün askeri ittifakı olan Kolektif Güvenlik Anlaşması Örgütü. Çalışmada, çok taraflı ortaklık mekanizmaları bu çerçevede ele alınacaktır. Ayrıca, Rusya'nın Orta Asya'daki güvenlik yaklaşımını anlamak için, son olarak onaylanmış olan Rus Dış Politika Doktrini, Askeri Doktrin ve Ulusal Güvenlik Stratejisi, devletin resmi söyleminin araçları olarak ayrıca Rusya'nın siyasi öncelikleri göstermek için ele alınacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Bölgesel Güvenlik, Askeri Üsler, Orta Asya, Rus Dış Politikası, Sınır Bütünlüğü

THE IMPORTANCE OF RUSSIAN MILITARY PRESENCE IN CENTRAL ASIA FOR RUSSIA'S REGIONAL SECURITY

This article aims to evaluate the Russian military presence for Russia's regional security in Central Asia. In order to achieve this, the importance of Central Asia will be contextualized with major regional problems that determine the Russian security policy. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Russian policy towards Central Asia has been mainly shaped by security issues, especially after military intervention of the United States in Afghanistan in 2011. The multilateral military-security relations between Russia and the five regional states should be understood by dividing two aspects. They are the military bases of Russia in Central Asia and the multilateral cooperation tools which are led by Russia: The Commonwealth Independent States (CIS) and its military alliance the Collective Security and Treaty Organization (CSTO). The cooperation mechanisms of those organizations will be underlined in the study. In order to understand the Russian security perception in Central Asia, the recently approved versions of the foreign policy concept, the military doctrine, and the national security strategy of the Russian Federation as official discourse will also be evaluated to demonstrate military security priorities of the Russian Federation.

Keywords:

Central Asia, The Military Bases, The Regional Security, The Russian Foreign Policy, Territorial Integrity,

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