AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ’NDE SOSYAL HİZMET UYGULAMALARI

Öz Bireyin toplumsal yaşamda yerini alırken karşılaştığı sorunların ve bu sorunlara mikro ve makro düzeyde sağlanan çözümlerin kimi kültür-bağımsız (evrensel) iken kimi kültüre özgüdür. Farklı kültürlerdeki sosyal hizmet sorunların ve çözüme yönelik uygulamaların anlaşılması için belirli parametreler açısından betimleme yapmaya ihtiyaç vardır. Bu şekilde kültürler arası benzerliklerin ve farklılıkların anlaşılması ve diğer kültürlerden öğrenme imkanlarının ortaya çıkması söz konu olacaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı sosyal hizmet mesleğinin görece daha kurumsal ve örgütlü yapılar aracılığıyla icra edildiği Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde (ABD) sosyal hizmet alanları açısından yaşanan güncel sorunların ve kurumsal bağlamda sunulan çözüm imkânlarının genel bir resmini çizmektir. Bu bağlamda, ABD’nin sosyodemografik yapısı güncel veriler ışında kısaca değerlendirilmiştir. Sonrasında sosyal hizmet alanları açısından aile, yoksulluk, çocukluk ve gençlik, yaşlılık, suçluluk, engellilik, eğitim ve işsizlik durumları yine güncel verilerle ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca bu sorunlarla baş etme yolunda devletin sunduğu temel programlar konusunda bilgiler verilmiştir. Çalışma, ülke bazında sosyal hizmetin genel olarak profilini çizmesi açısından önemli katkılar sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Sosyal hizmet, Soayal Sorunlar, Sosyal Refah Programları

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